Hrvatska perunika

Hrvatska perunika
Iris croatica (Hrvatska perunika)
Sistematika
Carstvo:Plantae
Divizija:Magnoliophyta
Razred:Liliopsida
Red:Asparagales
Porodica:Iridaceae
Rod:Iris
Vrsta:I. × germanica
Dvojno ime
Iris × germanica
L.
Sinonimi
Iris × croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat Iris × croatica Prodán
Baze podataka

Hrvatska perunika (germanska perunika; bogiša, modra perunika, perunika pitoma, lat. Iris × germanica; sinonim Iris × croatica i preko 50 drugih) biljka iz porodice Iridaceae (perunikovke). U Hrvatskoj se javlja pod dva imena, bogiša ili perunika pitoma (I. × germanica) i hrvatska perunika (Iris × germanica) pod kojim imenom se tretira kao posebna vrsta i kao endem. Raširena je u istočnom Mediteranu. Iris × croatica sinonim je za Iris × germanica, a hrvatski nazivi za njih su hrvatska i germanska perunika. Rotschildova perunika (Iris x rotschildii), koju prvi put spominje botaničar Arpad von Degen u svom velikom djelu "Flora Velebitica" 1936. godine (Degen 1936)[1], također je sinonim za ovu notovrstu.

Prirodni je hibrid čija je formula I. pallida × I. variegata.

Povijest

Tipično razvijeni oblici hrvatske perunike pojavljuju se u svijetlim šumama hrasta medunca i crnoga graba. Za stanište bira dolomitne i vapnenačke obronke brdskih područja kontinentalne Hrvatske. Zauzima jugozapadni dio panonsko-pontskog areala koji je značajan po reliktnoj flori i vegetaciji. Najpoznatija su nalazišta Medvednica, Strahinčica, Samoborsko gorje i Ogulinsko zagorje.

Vrstu su prvi put kao Iris croatica opisali Ivo i Marija Horvat 1962. godine. Ivo Horvat jedan je od najpoznatijih hrvatskih botaničara novijeg doba koji je dao značajne znanstvene i druge doprinose razvoju hrvatske botanike, pogotovu za područja fitocenologije, ekologije bilja i sistematike. Holotipus hrvatske perunike pohranjen je u Horvatovu herbaru u Zagrebu. U Hrvatskoj raste dvanaest samoniklih vrsta perunike.

Hrvatska pošta je 1994. g. u okviru pedstavljanja endemičnog bilja u seriji "Flora hrvatskog područja" pustila u prodaju prigodnu omotnicu prvog dana (FDC) i list prvog dana. Autor ove serije je akademski slikar Zlatko Keser, a motivi na markama su dekorativni cvijet hrvatske perunike i Vizijanijev mrazovac.

U pripremama za izložbu Japan Flora 2000 uočilo se da Hrvatska nema svoj nacionalni cvijet. Na to je Andrija-Željko Lovrić s Instituta Ruđer Bošković predložio peruniku, glede činjenice što je to endem u širokom rasponu uzgoja. 16. svibnja 2000. godine u Hrvatskoj akademiji znanosti i umjetnosti donesen je prijedlog da se perunika promakne kao nacionalni cvijet na svjetskoj izložbi cvijeća Japan Flora 2000. 19. lipnja 2000. proglašena je kao nacionalni cvijet Hrvatske.[2][3]

Sinonimi

  1. Iris × alba Savi
  2. Iris × amoena DC.
  3. Iris × atroviolacea Lange
  4. Iris × australis Tod.
  5. Iris × belouinii Bois & Cornuault
  6. Iris × biliottii Foster
  7. Iris × buiana Prodán
  8. Iris × buiana var. virescens Prodán
  9. Iris × croatica Prodán
  10. Iris × croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat
  11. Iris × cypriana Foster & Baker
  12. Iris × deflexa Knowles & Westc.
  13. Iris × florentina L.
  14. Iris × florentina var. pallida Nyman
  15. Iris × florentinoides Prodán ex Nyar.
  16. Iris × germanica var. alba Dykes
  17. Iris × germanica var. amas Dykes
  18. Iris × germanica var. askabadensis Dykes
  19. Iris × germanica var. australis (Tod.) Dykes
  20. Iris × germanica var. florentina (L.) Dykes
  21. Iris × germanica var. fontarabie Dykes
  22. Iris × germanica var. gypsea Rodigas
  23. Iris × germanica var. kharput Dykes
  24. Iris × germanica var. lurida (Aiton) Nyman
  25. Iris × germanica var. nepalensis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Herb.
  26. Iris × germanica var. sivas G.Nicholson
  27. Iris × humei G.Don
  28. Iris × laciniata Berg
  29. Iris × latifolia Gilib.
  30. Iris × lurida Aiton
  31. Iris × macrantha Simonet
  32. Iris × mesopotamica Dykes
  33. Iris × murorum Gaterau
  34. Iris × neglecta Hornem.
  35. Iris × nepalensis Wall. ex Lindl.
  36. Iris × nostras Garsault
  37. Iris × nyaradyana Prodán
  38. Iris × officinalis Salisb.
  39. Iris × pallida Ten.
  40. Iris pallida subsp. australis (Tod.) K.Richt.
  41. Iris × piatrae Prodán
  42. Iris × redouteana Spach
  43. Iris × repanda Berg
  44. Iris × rothschildii Degen
  45. Iris × sambucina L.
  46. Iris × spectabilis Salisb.
  47. Iris × squalens L.
  48. Iris × squalens var. biflora Prodán & Buia
  49. Iris × squalens var. rosea Prodán & Buia
  50. Iris × superba Berg
  51. Iris × tardiflora Berg
  52. Iris × trojana A.Kern. ex Stapf
  53. Iris × varbossania K.Malý
  54. Iris variegata var. lurida (Aiton) Nyman
  55. Iris × venusta J.Booth ex Berg
  56. Iris × violacea Savi
  57. Iris × vulgaris Pohl

Izvori

  1. FCD Pristupljeno 27. travnja 2023.
  2. Ivan Aljinović, Vedran Barbarić, Vitomir Belaj, Vladimir Peter Goss, Mislav Ježić, Radoslav Katičić, Mario Katić, Ivica Kipre, Ivica Lolić, Suzana Marjanić, Ante Milošević, Bozidar Bruce Yerkovich: Perunovo koplje, Studia mythologica Slavica – Supplementa. Ur. Andrej Pleterski, Tomo Vinšćak. Založba ZRC, 1. rujna 2011., ISBN 9789612542924, str. 118.
  3. Hrvatski tjednik

Drugi projekti

Zajednički poslužitelj ima još gradiva o temi Iris × germanica
Wikivrste imaju podatke o taksonu Iris × germanica

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