Hrvatska perunika

Hrvatska perunika
Iris croatica (Hrvatska perunika)
Sistematika
Carstvo:Plantae
Divizija:Magnoliophyta
Razred:Liliopsida
Red:Asparagales
Porodica:Iridaceae
Rod:Iris
Vrsta:I. × germanica
Dvojno ime
Iris × germanica
L.
Sinonimi
Iris × croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat Iris × croatica Prodán
Baze podataka

Hrvatska perunika (germanska perunika; bogiša, modra perunika, perunika pitoma, lat. Iris × germanica; sinonim Iris × croatica i preko 50 drugih) biljka iz porodice Iridaceae (perunikovke). U Hrvatskoj se javlja pod dva imena, bogiša ili perunika pitoma (I. × germanica) i hrvatska perunika (Iris × germanica) pod kojim imenom se tretira kao posebna vrsta i kao endem. Raširena je u istočnom Mediteranu. Iris × croatica sinonim je za Iris × germanica, a hrvatski nazivi za njih su hrvatska i germanska perunika. Rotschildova perunika (Iris x rotschildii), koju prvi put spominje botaničar Arpad von Degen u svom velikom djelu "Flora Velebitica" 1936. godine (Degen 1936)[1], također je sinonim za ovu notovrstu.

Prirodni je hibrid čija je formula I. pallida × I. variegata.

  • Iris × germanica
    Iris × germanica
  • Hrvatska perunika, albino
    Hrvatska perunika, albino
  • Iris × germanica
    Iris × germanica

Povijest

Tipično razvijeni oblici hrvatske perunike pojavljuju se u svijetlim šumama hrasta medunca i crnoga graba. Za stanište bira dolomitne i vapnenačke obronke brdskih područja kontinentalne Hrvatske. Zauzima jugozapadni dio panonsko-pontskog areala koji je značajan po reliktnoj flori i vegetaciji. Najpoznatija su nalazišta Medvednica, Strahinčica, Samoborsko gorje i Ogulinsko zagorje.

Vrstu su prvi put kao Iris croatica opisali Ivo i Marija Horvat 1962. godine. Ivo Horvat jedan je od najpoznatijih hrvatskih botaničara novijeg doba koji je dao značajne znanstvene i druge doprinose razvoju hrvatske botanike, pogotovu za područja fitocenologije, ekologije bilja i sistematike. Holotipus hrvatske perunike pohranjen je u Horvatovu herbaru u Zagrebu. U Hrvatskoj raste dvanaest samoniklih vrsta perunike.

Hrvatska pošta je 1994. g. u okviru pedstavljanja endemičnog bilja u seriji "Flora hrvatskog područja" pustila u prodaju prigodnu omotnicu prvog dana (FDC) i list prvog dana. Autor ove serije je akademski slikar Zlatko Keser, a motivi na markama su dekorativni cvijet hrvatske perunike i Vizijanijev mrazovac.

U pripremama za izložbu Japan Flora 2000 uočilo se da Hrvatska nema svoj nacionalni cvijet. Na to je Andrija-Željko Lovrić s Instituta Ruđer Bošković predložio peruniku, glede činjenice što je to endem u širokom rasponu uzgoja. 16. svibnja 2000. godine u Hrvatskoj akademiji znanosti i umjetnosti donesen je prijedlog da se perunika promakne kao nacionalni cvijet na svjetskoj izložbi cvijeća Japan Flora 2000. 19. lipnja 2000. proglašena je kao nacionalni cvijet Hrvatske.[2][3]

Sinonimi

  1. Iris × alba Savi
  2. Iris × amoena DC.
  3. Iris × atroviolacea Lange
  4. Iris × australis Tod.
  5. Iris × belouinii Bois & Cornuault
  6. Iris × biliottii Foster
  7. Iris × buiana Prodán
  8. Iris × buiana var. virescens Prodán
  9. Iris × croatica Prodán
  10. Iris × croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat
  11. Iris × cypriana Foster & Baker
  12. Iris × deflexa Knowles & Westc.
  13. Iris × florentina L.
  14. Iris × florentina var. pallida Nyman
  15. Iris × florentinoides Prodán ex Nyar.
  16. Iris × germanica var. alba Dykes
  17. Iris × germanica var. amas Dykes
  18. Iris × germanica var. askabadensis Dykes
  19. Iris × germanica var. australis (Tod.) Dykes
  20. Iris × germanica var. florentina (L.) Dykes
  21. Iris × germanica var. fontarabie Dykes
  22. Iris × germanica var. gypsea Rodigas
  23. Iris × germanica var. kharput Dykes
  24. Iris × germanica var. lurida (Aiton) Nyman
  25. Iris × germanica var. nepalensis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Herb.
  26. Iris × germanica var. sivas G.Nicholson
  27. Iris × humei G.Don
  28. Iris × laciniata Berg
  29. Iris × latifolia Gilib.
  30. Iris × lurida Aiton
  31. Iris × macrantha Simonet
  32. Iris × mesopotamica Dykes
  33. Iris × murorum Gaterau
  34. Iris × neglecta Hornem.
  35. Iris × nepalensis Wall. ex Lindl.
  36. Iris × nostras Garsault
  37. Iris × nyaradyana Prodán
  38. Iris × officinalis Salisb.
  39. Iris × pallida Ten.
  40. Iris pallida subsp. australis (Tod.) K.Richt.
  41. Iris × piatrae Prodán
  42. Iris × redouteana Spach
  43. Iris × repanda Berg
  44. Iris × rothschildii Degen
  45. Iris × sambucina L.
  46. Iris × spectabilis Salisb.
  47. Iris × squalens L.
  48. Iris × squalens var. biflora Prodán & Buia
  49. Iris × squalens var. rosea Prodán & Buia
  50. Iris × superba Berg
  51. Iris × tardiflora Berg
  52. Iris × trojana A.Kern. ex Stapf
  53. Iris × varbossania K.Malý
  54. Iris variegata var. lurida (Aiton) Nyman
  55. Iris × venusta J.Booth ex Berg
  56. Iris × violacea Savi
  57. Iris × vulgaris Pohl

Izvori

  1. ↑ FCD Pristupljeno 27. travnja 2023.
  2. ↑ Ivan Aljinović, Vedran Barbarić, Vitomir Belaj, Vladimir Peter Goss, Mislav Ježić, Radoslav Katičić, Mario Katić, Ivica Kipre, Ivica Lolić, Suzana Marjanić, Ante Milošević, Bozidar Bruce Yerkovich: Perunovo koplje, Studia mythologica Slavica – Supplementa. Ur. Andrej Pleterski, Tomo Vinšćak. Založba ZRC, 1. rujna 2011., ISBN 9789612542924, str. 118.
  3. ↑ Hrvatski tjednik

Drugi projekti

Zajednički poslužitelj ima još gradiva o temi Iris × germanica
Wikivrste imaju podatke o taksonu Iris × germanica

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