Alfred Métraux

Alfred Métraux 1932. godine

Alfred Métraux (Lausanne, 5. studenog 1902.Valle de Chevreuse, 12. travnja 1963.), švicarski etnolog, jedan od najvažnijih europskih etnologa 20. stoljeća.

Životopis

Alfred Métraux među prvima je studirao narode i kulture Južne Amerike. Godine 1928. postaje direktor Instituta za etnografiju na Sveučilištu Tucumán u Argentini. Također je bio angažiran u UNESCO-ovom Odsjeku za društvene znanosti. Među najznačajnijim djelima mu je etno-povijesni rad o brazilskim Tupinambá Indijancima, kao i knjiga Le Vaudou haïtien.

Godine 1941. dobio je američko državljanstvo, budući da je od početka Drugog svjetskog rata bio profesor na Sveučilištu Yale. Potom je postao istraživač na Smithsonian institutu u Washingtonu, kao i na École Libre des Hautes Études, osnovanoj u New Yorku 1942. Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata pomogao je francuskim kolegama, poput Claudea Lévi-Straussa, da mu se pridruže u SAD-u. Od 1946. radio je u Odjelu UN-a za ekonomska i socijalna pitanja u New Yorku. Ubrzo nakon toga, 1947. godine, zahvaljujući svojim kontaktima ostvarenim u Sjedinjenim Državama, pridružio se UNESCO-u u Parizu, gdje je od 1950. godine postao državni službenik. Radio je u odjelu društvenih znanosti UNESCO-a do svoje smrti 1963. godine.[1]

Tijekom rada u UNESCO-u treba izdvojiti tri programa u kojima je aktivno sudjelovao: projekt „osnovnog obrazovanja“ u dolini Marbial (Haiti) krajem 1940-ih, s ciljem educiranja i pomoći haićanskim seljanima da pobjegnu od siromaštva; dok su u 1950-ima to program "rasnog pitanja", usmjeren na borbu protiv rasističkih predrasuda, i "Andski program" usmjeren na migraciju Andskih Indijanaca, njihovo obrazovanje i pomoć u pronalaženju posla.[2]

Alfred Métraux tragično je završio svoj život izvršenjem suicida.

Izvori

  1. Alfred Métraux | Ethnographer, Ethnology, Latin America | Britannica. www.britannica.com (engleski). Pristupljeno 6. srpnja 2024.
  2. Alfred Métraux, ethnologue à l’UNESCO (1947-1963). | Espacestemps.net. www.espacestemps.net. Pristupljeno 6. srpnja 2024.

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