משאב מערכת

במחשבים, משאב, משאב מערכת או משאב מחשב (באנגלית: System resource) הוא כל רכיב פיזי או וירטואלי במחשב המוגבל בזמינותו. כל רכיב המחובר למחשב הוא משאב וכך גם כל רכיב פנימי.

משאבי מערכת מרכזיים

ניהול משאב מערכת

קיימות מספר אפשרויות לניהול משאב מערכת:

  • ידית משאב (resource handle) – מזהה ייחודי למשאב שאותו יש להחזיק כדי לגשת אליו. הידית יכולה להיות חסרת משמעות ואז היא לרוב מקבלת ערך של מספר שלם המזוהה גלובאלית במערכת, או שהיא יכולה להיות מצביע המאפשר גישה למידע נוסף מעבר לנגישות למשאב. ידיות נפוצות בגישה לשקעים (sockets) ולקבצים (file descriptor).
  • מעקב משאבי (resource tracking) – יכולת של מערכת ההפעלה או כל יישום מחשב אחר לשחרר את המשאב המשותף לאחר השימוש בו, גם במקרה שהוא לא שוחרר על ידי המשתמש שהקצה אותו. איסוף זבל הוא מימוש למעקב משאבי זיכרון שמבוצע בסביבות הרצה וירטואליות כגון Java.
  • הגבלת גישה למשאב – הגבלת הגישה למשאב על ידי אובייקטי סינכרון שונים. השימוש באובייקטים אלו עלול להוביל לקיפאון. לעיתים הגבלת הגישה נעשית באמצעות תור, כמו במקרה של הגישה לזמן מעבד, הנעשה על ידי אלגוריתם התזמון של סדרן התוכניות הפועל כחלק מליבת מערכת ההפעלה.

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