פרויקט הגנוגרפיה

מפת חלוקה של אוכלוסיית הגברים להפלוגרופ (אנ') על פי ממצאי הפרויקט, עם נתיבי הגירה אפשריים

פרויקט הגנוגרפיה הוא מיזם משותף לאגודת נשיונל ג'יאוגרפיק ולחברת IBM, שמטרתו חקר דפוס התפשטות האדם על פני כדור הארץ באמצעות שימוש בידע ובטכנולוגיה מתחום הגנטיקה האבולוציונית. מטרות נוספות של המחקר הן יצירת מאגר דגימות גנטיות של אוכלוסיות ילידיות ההולכות ונעלמות וכן פיתוח שיטות התמודדות עם בסיסי נתונים רחבים במיוחד.

ההכרזה הרשמית על הפרויקט הייתה ב-13 באפריל 2005. הפרויקט נועד להמשך חמש שנים.

לצורך הפרויקט יילקחו דגימות DNA של כ-100,000 איש, גברים בלבד, מאזורים נבחרים ברחבי העולם. הבחירה בגברים נעשתה מאחר שרק גברים נושאים את כרומוזום Y, שאינו עובר שחלוף ועל כן משתנה בצורה איטית יותר מאשר שאר הכרומוזומים במשך הדורות, ושומר על דמיון רב בקרב קרובי משפחה.

את איסוף המידע מרכזים עשרה מרכזי מחקר מקומיים, אשר באחריות כל אחד מהם להגדיר באזור עליו הוא ממונה מהן האוכלוסיות מהן יילקחו הדגימות, לאסוף את הדגימות עצמן בשטח, ולנתח אותן.

תקציב הפרויקט הוא כ-40 מיליון דולר.

בנוסף, תמורת תשלום של 100 דולר נשלחות ערכות למעוניינים בכך.[1] ערכות אלה נבדקות במעבדות והתורמים מקבלים מידע על מוצאם[2] - גברים יכולים לבחור בין בדיקת כרומוזום ה-Y (השושלת הגברית) לבין בדיקת הגנום המיטוכונדריאלי (השושלת הנשית), ואילו אצל נשים נבדק ה-DNA המיטוכונדריאלי (השושלת הנשית). נכון לינואר 2006 הוזמנו ערכות כאלה על ידי למעלה מ-100,000 איש, 90% מהם תושבי צפון אמריקה. כל משתתף מקבל את המידע באופן אישי ומאובטח, ויכול לבחור לתרום את המידע הגנטי שלו לפרויקט המחקר, באופן אנונימי.

קישורים חיצוניים

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ How to Participate - The Genographic Project, web.archive.org, ‏2006-11-13
  2. ^ Sample Results - The Genographic Project, web.archive.org, ‏2006-11-14

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