חיוניות מטעה

חיוניות מטעה הוא תת־כשל לוגי של הכללה נמהרת, מסוג שגיאות דגימה. חיוניות מטעה היא מצב בו אירוע חריג מובלט מאוד ומשכנע את השוגה בכך שלאירוע יש משמעות רבה. אף על פי שלחיוניות מטעה אין תימוכין לוגיים, היא יכולה להיות בעלת השפעה פסיכולוגית מרחיקת לכת בגלל היוריסטיקה קוגניטיבית המכונה היוריסטיקת נגישות.

דוגמה:

פרסום עובדת הזכייה בפיס. מיליוני כרטיסי פיס נמכרים מדי שבוע, וברוב השבועות אין אפילו כרטיס זוכה אחד. אולם, ההד התקשורתי של הזכיות הנדירות גורם לאנשים רבים לחשוב שזכייה בפיס היא אירוע שגרתי.

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