Elemento fosforescente

Exemplo de fosforescencia

O elementos fosforescentes[1] son compostos químicos que emiten luz cando se expoñen a luz dunha lonxitude de onda diferente (é dicir, de distinta cor).


Terminoloxía

A palabra fosforescente provén do grego antigo φωσφόρος (phosphoros = portador de luz) a través do latín phosphŏrus. O lexema φῶς, φωτός (phos, photos = luz, de luz) provén da raíz indoeuropea *bha- (brillar), mentres que o sufixo -scere que marca procesos durativos, como en abastecer ou permanecer e de aí -scente indica un proceso (como adolescente, é "en proceso de ser adulto").[2]

O fosforescentes non conteñen o elemento químico fósforo, que comparte etimoloxía. Úsanse en moitos tipos de iluminación, incluíndo lámpadas fluorescentes onde cambian a luz ultravioleta producida polo vapor de mercurio excitado en luz visible.

Química

A química dos fosforescentes varía moito dependendo de para que se vaia utilizar. Inclúen materiais "que brillan na escuridade" que se poden atopar en diversos obxectos, xoguetes ou iluminación de seguridade de emerxencia para edificios. Utilízanse nas pantallas dos televisores de tubos catódicos de estilo máis antigo para facer visible a luz dun feixe de electróns. Tamén se poden usar para detectar visiblemente radiacións ionizantes. Os díodos emisores de luz son dispositivos que adoitan usar fosforescentes para obter unha determinada cor ou temperatura de cor.

Notas

  1. ↑ "Dicionario". Real Academia Galega. Consultado o 2023-02-02. 
  2. ↑ "FOSFORESCENTE". Etimologías de Chile - Diccionario que explica el origen de las palabras (en castelán). Consultado o 2023-02-02. 

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