Balduíno I de Flandres

Modelo:BiografíaBalduíno I de Flandres

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Biografía
Nacementodécada de 830 Editar o valor en Wikidata
valor descoñecido Editar o valor en Wikidata
Morte879 Editar o valor en Wikidata (39/49 anos)
Auxerre, Francia Editar o valor en Wikidata
Lugar de sepulturaEekhout Abbey (en) Traducir Editar o valor en Wikidata
Actividade
Ocupaciónpolítico Editar o valor en Wikidata
Outro
TítuloConde Editar o valor en Wikidata
FamiliaCasa de Flandres Editar o valor en Wikidata
CónxuxeJudite de Flandres (863 (Gregoriano)–) Editar o valor en Wikidata
FillosCharles van Vlaanderen, Balduíno II de Flandres, Raoul of Flanders Editar o valor en Wikidata
PaiOdoacer Editar o valor en Wikidata

Descrito pola fonteAllgemeine Deutsche Biographie Editar o valor en Wikidata
WikiTree: Flandre-18

Balduíno I de Flandres, tamén chamado Balduíno I Brazo de Ferro, ou Balduíno I o Bo[1], nado en Laon e finado na Abadía de Saint-Bertin en 879, foi marqués ou conde de Flandres de 863 a 879[2]. Segundo a tradición, Balduíno era o fillo do "forestier" [3] Odacro (Odoacro, Odoscer, Audacer) á súa vez fillo de Ingelram (Enguerrando). Sucedeu ao seu pai como "forestier" á súa morte en 837, e distinguiuse como un formidábel guerreiro, o que lle valeu o seu alcume.

Traxcetoria

Non se coñece ben a súa traxectoria. Participou na batalla de Fontenoy-en-Puisaye no 841, no campo do emperador Lotario, que foi derrotado polo seu irmán Lois o Xermánico e polo seu medio irmán Carlos o Calvo. Conde do Flandrensis Pagus, loitou activamente contra os normandos, que arrasaron a rexión da que estaba ao cargo desde 810. Dise que era de boa altura, de pel morena, de corpo e extremidades fortes e nerviosas, áxil a cabalo. A tradición faino, de novo, gañador dunha loita contra un oso da que saíu vitorioso; esta proeza fíxoo destacar ante o rei Carlos o Calvo[4].

A investidura de Balduíno Brazo de Ferro, primeiro conde de Flandres, por Carlos o Calvo.

Durante unha estancia na corte real en Senlis no 862, Balduíno levou consigo a princesa Xudit (c. 843 - 870), filla do rei Carlos o Calvo e de Ermentruda de Orleáns. Xudit non tiña aínda vinte anos, pero era a viúva de dous reis anglosaxóns: de Aethelwulf (m. 858) e do fillo deste Aethelbald de Wessex (m. 860), reis de Wessex. Para cometer o secuestro, Balduíno conseguiu a axuda do irmán de Xudit, o príncipe Lois, o futuro Lois o Tatexo. Non se sabe se foi por amor ou por cálculo político. O certo é que Xudit parece que o seguiu voluntariamente, convenientemente disfrazada. Balduíno casou en segredo con ela en Harelbeke e por medo ás consecuencias das súas accións, buscou refuxio con Lois II o Mozo, mentres que Lois o Tatexo buscou seguridade en Bretaña (?). Antes, o rei opúxose ao matrimonio, polo que enviou cartas ao xefe viquingo Rorik de Dorestad e ao bispo Hunger, pedíndolle que non lles desen asilo e mesmo persuadiu aos seus bispos para excomungalos. A excomuñón foi pronunciada por unha asemblea de bispos celebrada en Soissons[5]. Balduíno e Xudit foron despois a Roma para defender a súa causa ante o papa Nicolao I. O pontífice intercedeu moito co rei de Francia occidental, ao que finalmente convenceu. O matrimonio foi ratificado en Auxerre, segundo as fontes 862 ou 863[6][7], pero en ausencia do rei.

Este episodio é a orixe dunha lenda de Artois, apoiada nas crónicas da abadía de Mont Saint-Eloi, que atribúe a Balduíno a presenza de dous megálitos chamados "As pedras xemelgas" ou "Pedras de Acq" na aldea de Écoivres, preto de Arras.

Ademais dos bosques, Carlos o Calvo atribuíu a Balduíno a marca de Flandres (é dicir, o territorio entre o Escalda occidental e o Yser do sur, que defendía o norte do territorio franco) nunha doazón de 866. En 870 adquiriu o territorio correspondente á Abadía de Sankt Peter de Gante; defendeu os seus territorios contra as incursións dos viquingos. Balduíno I fortificou Gante, Arras e Bruxas, a capital, onde fundou, segundo lenda, a igrexa de San Donato, no lugar dunha antiga capela dedicada á Virxe. O corpo de Donato, oitavo bispo de Reims, foi levado alí. En 870, o marqués tamén construíu un convento beneditino en Furnes, que recibiu as reliquias de Santa Walburga (Walpurgis).

Balduíno Brazo de Ferro foi de feito o último conde funcionario[8] da provincia de Bélxica Segunda (Belgica Secunda)[9]. En 877 (á morte de Carlos o Calvo), apoiou a Lois II de Francia; o cargo volveuse hereditario na casa de Balduíno e o condado de Flandres entrou no período feudal, sendo un dos principais señores de Francia Occidentalis.

Balduíno I morreu en 879 en Sithiu (despois Saint-Omer), despois de tomar o hábito monástico na abadía de Saint-Bertin. Está enterrado na abadía, mentres o seu corazón e os seus intestinos foron levados á igrexa de San Pedro en Gante[10].

Descendentes

Do seu matrimonio coa carolinxia Xudit tivo tres fillos:

Notas

  1. Balduíno, filln de Odacro no sitio web da Fundación de xenealoxia medieval
  2. A data de 879 dana Le Glay, Desmulliez et Milis, Douxchamps, Carson, Miroir de la Flandre, Éd. Lanoo, ISBN 90-209-2714-0; algunhas fontes inician o goberno en 861 oi 862
  3. O forestier, hoxe forestal, daquela era un funcionario equivalente a castelán, encargado da administración dos bosques reais.
  4. Michel Pastoureau, L'ours - Histoire d'un roi déchu, Seuil Librairie du XXIe siècle, ISBN 978-2-02-021542-8, p. 61
  5. Louis Victor Pécheur, Annales de Soissons, 1863, p. 440
  6. Georges Henri Dumont Histoire de la Belgique 1999, p. 57 dá a data de decembro de 862; Desmulliez et Milis como Le Glay dan 863.
  7. Micheline Dupuy Françaises, reines d'Angleterre 1968, p. 43
  8. Janine Desmulliez et Ludo Milis, in Histoire des provinces françaises du Nord, baixo a dirección de Alain Lottin, volume 1. De la Préhistoire à l'an Mil - Collection "Histoire", Westhoek Éditions des Beffrois, 1988, ISBN 2-903077-71-1, Conclusion, p. 234
  9. Le Glay, Histoire des comtes de Flandre volum 1 pàg. 41, segons Chronicon Sancti Bavonis (any 867) i Chronicon Sithii Sancti Bertini apud Bouquet. La Belgica Secunda es tanmateix definida: Præceptores Ludovici Pii, de divisione regni sui inter filios; apud Chesnium, script. franc. a Histoire... volum 1, pàg. 34: «...les noms de cantons dont se composait la seconde Belgique. Il y en avait treize: la Hesbaie, le Brabant, la Flandre, le pays des Ménapiens, le Mélantois, le Hainaut, l'Ostrevant, l'Artois, le pays de Térouane, le Boulonnais, Quentovic, le Cambrésis, le Vermandois.»
  10. Le Glay, op. cit., p. 44.
  11. Raúl terceiro fillo de Balduíno I o Bo

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