Anton Niemancevič

Modelo:BiografíaAnton Niemancevič

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Biografía
Nacemento8 de febreiro de 1893 Editar o valor en Wikidata
San Petersburgo, Rusia Editar o valor en Wikidata
Morte6 de xaneiro de 1943 Editar o valor en Wikidata (49 anos)
Berlín, Alemaña Editar o valor en Wikidata
Lugar de sepulturaMinsk Editar o valor en Wikidata
RelixiónIgrexa católica bizantina belarusa Editar o valor en Wikidata
EducaciónSeminario católico romano de San Petersburgo
Academia Teolóxica Imperial de San Petersburgo
Pontificio Instituto Oriental Editar o valor en Wikidata
Actividade
Ocupaciónsacerdote católico (1915–) Editar o valor en Wikidata
EmpregadorUniversidade Católica de Lublin
Da Zluchennya ! Editar o valor en Wikidata
Membro de
Orde relixiosaCompañía de Xesús Editar o valor en Wikidata

Anton Niemancevič[1] (en belaruso Антон Неманцэвіч), de pseudónimo Zlučeniec (Злучэнец), nado o 8 de febreiro de 1893 en San Petersburgo[2] e finado o 6 de xaneiro de 1943 en Minsk,[3] foi un sacerdote e xesuíta belaruso, Doutor en Teoloxía e exarca apostólico da Igrexa Católica Bizantina Belarusa entre 1940 e 1943.

Traxectoria

Naceu o 8 de febreiro de 1893 en San Peterburgo[4] nunha familia procedente da provincia de Sokulka, entón na gobernación de Grodno; e estudou na escola local até 1909, cando se graduou. Pasou entón ao seminario católico de San Petersburgo,[5] e posteriormente á Academia Teolóxica Católica de San Petersburgo, xerme da Universidade Católica de Lublin, onde se graduou en Teoloxía en 1918.[4] Foi ordenado sacerdote o 27 de setembro de 1915,[4][5] e comezou o seu traballo pastoral en Kolpino, preto de San Petersburgo.[5]

Logo da primeira guerra mundial foi perseguido pola súa actividade pastoral en Rusia. En 1919 foi arrestado polos soviéticos por primeira vez, e novamente en 1921 e enviado a prisión, saíndo da cadea o 1 de febreiro de 1925 nun intercambio de prisioneiros con Polonia.[4][5] Marchou a Roma, onde entre 1925 e 1927 fixo o doutoramento no Pontificio Instituto Oriental.[4][5] En 1928 foi profesor na Universidade Católica de Lublin, e en 1929 cambiou do rito romano ao rito bizantino e entrou nos xesuítas en Slonim.[4]

Como xesuíta traballou nas actividades da Igrexa Grecocatólica en Polonia. Entre 1932 e 1939 foi editor das revistas eclesiásticas Da Zlučeńnia e Zlučeńnie, que promovía o rexurdimento da conciencia nacional entre os belarusos. Dende 1929 exerceu tamén de párroco grecocatólico en Slonim, e en 1933 pasou a ser párroco en Synkavičy e profesor de teoloxía pastoral no seminario pontificio oriental en Dubno.[4]

En 1939 logo da campaña de setembro, o Kresy quedou incorporado á Unión Soviética, e a Igrexa Católica Bizantina Belarusa quedou sen dirixentes logo de que o exarca de Volinia, Podlasia e Polesia, Mykolai Charnetskyi, fora expulsado polos soviéticos xunto co resto dos redentoristas de Volinia. O 17 de setembro de 1940 Niemancevič foi nomeado exarca de Belarús polo arcebispo de Lviv Andrei Sheptytskyi.[4][5][6] A finais de 1941 recibiu a aprobación papal á súa misión,[4] e isto lle permitiu retomar brevemente as actividades da Igrexa Grecocatólica nos territorios de Belarús baixo ocupación alemá.

O 4 de xullo de 1942 Anton Niemancevič foi arrestado pola Gestapo na súa residencia en Albertina e levado a Minsk.[4] Morreu o 6 de xaneiro de 1943 como mártir na prisión das SD en Berlín, segundo o investigador polaco Roman Dzwonkowski,[4] mais anteriormente pensábase que finara en Minsk a finais de 1942, pouco despois da súa detención.[4][5]

Notas

  1. Tamén aparece como Antoni Niemancewicz, Anton Nemantsevich, Anthony Niemantsevich.
  2. Usošyn, Jaŭhien; Hajek, Siarhiej. "Экзарх Антон Неманцэвіч: Верны Сьведка Евангельля (Ekzarch Anton Niemancevič: Vierny Śviedka Jevanhieĺlia)" (PDF). Roczniki Teologiczne. LIII-LIV (7 (2006-2007)): 155. ISSN 1233-1457.  Cita como referencia Garbiński, Jerzy; Turonek, Jerzy (2003). Białoruski ruch chrześcijański XX wieku: słownik biograficzno-bibliograficzny (en polaco). Slawistyczny Ośrodek Wydawniczy. p. 276. ISBN 9788386619948. 
  3. Usošyn: Ekzarch Anton Niemancevič [...], p. 153.
  4. 4,00 4,01 4,02 4,03 4,04 4,05 4,06 4,07 4,08 4,09 4,10 4,11 Fede e martirio: le Chiese orientali cattoliche nell'Europa del Novecento: atti del Convegno di storia ecclesiastica contemporanea (Città del Vaticano, 22-24 ottobre 1998) (en italiano). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2003. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9788820927837. 
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 Чаплицкий (Chaplitskiy, Czaplicki), Бронислав (Bronislav, Bronisław); Осипова (Osipova), Ирина Ивановна (Irina Ivanovna) (2000). Книга памяти: мартиролог Католической церкви в СССР (Kniga pamiati: martirolog Katolicheskoi tserkvi v SSSR) (en ruso). Серебряные нити (Serebrianye niti). 
  6. Christopher Lawrence Zugger (2001). The Forgotten: Catholics of the Soviet Empire from Lenin Through Stalin (en inglés). Syracuse University Press. p. 296. ISBN 9780815606796. 

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