Iarmhairt cheaptha teasa

Fuinneamh solais astaithe ag an nGrian ag téamh dromchla an Domhain, agus an fuinneamh frithchaite aige i bhfoirm teasa, a chuireann le teocht an atmaisféir. Sáinnítear cuid mhaith den teas ag móilíní gáis cheaptha teasa amhail uisce, dé-ocsaíd charbóin agus meatán.

Tagann mórchuid de theas an Domhain chugainn ón nGrian i bhfoirm radaíochta infridheirge. I staid chobhsaí, d'aisradófaí an oiread céanna teasa amach sa spás an t-am ar fad. Ach tá gáis ar leith san atmaisféar a chuireann isteach ar an aisradú seo, á laghdú agus ag cur le coinneáil an teasa ar Domhan. Tugtar an iarmhairt cheaptha teasa[1] ar an bhfeiniméan seo, nó iarmhairt an teach gloine, de bhrí gur mar seo a fheidhmíonn na ballaí i dteach gloine.

Míniú

Is iad na gáis is mó a bhíonn páirteach sa phróiseas seo i láthair na huaire ná dé-ocsaíd charbóin, meatán, ocsaídí nítrigine, galuisce, agus na hábhair cuisnithe, na clórafluaracarbóin (CFCanna).

Tá an iarmhairt i bhfeidhm san atmaisféar thar na mílte milliún bhliain, agus an Domhan 33 °C ar a laghad níos teo ná a bheadh gan í. Gan an iarmhairt seo, mar sin, ní bheadh aon bheatha ar Domhan.

Tá a fhios againn inniu go bhfuil an iarmhairt cheaptha teasa neamhchobhsaí agus ó smacht anois, de bhrí go bhfuil an iomarca de na gáis thuas astaithe is á n-astú ag daoine san atmaisféar, agus níos mó teasa á sháinniú san atmaisféar.

Stair

Tá meánteocht an Domhain á méadú go leanúnach ó na 1960idí ar a laghad. Is measa dé-ocsaíd charbóin ná na gáis eile, de bhrí go bhfuil sé chomh flúirseach uilíoch san atmaisféar. Cuireann sí timpeall 55% le téamh breise an Domhain.

Táirgtear dé-ocsaíd charbóin i gcónaí nuair a loisctear breoslaí i dtinte, coirí stáisiúin ginte leictreachais agus gluaisteáin. Meastar go bhfuil méadú 80% i dtiúchan an gháis seo san atmaisféar ó thosaigh an Réabhlóid Thionsclaíoch.

Baineann fótaisintéis i gcrainn is plandaí eile feidhm as dé-ocsaíd charbóin san atmaisféar, agus táirgeann ocsaigin uaithi. Laghdaíonn an próiseas seo tiúchan an gháis seo san atmaisféar.

Ach le cúpla céad bliain tá dífhoraoisiú suntasach ar siúl ar fud an Domhain, agus mar sin an fachtóir sábháilteachta seo á chur ar ceal de réir a chéile.

Ó na 1990ídí ar aghaidh, tháinig socruithe idirnáisiúnta i bhfeidhm chun na clorafluaracarbóin a dhíothú de réir a chéile, agus de bharr a ndrochéifeachta ar an gciseal ózóin thuas san atmaisféar, a chosnaíonn gach neach beo ó sholas ultraivialait na Gréine.

Ní mór dúinn astúcháin dhíobhálacha a laghdú

Tá rialtais ar fud an Domhain inniu ag iarraidh astú dé-ocsaíd charbóin san atmaisféar a laghdú, ach measann eolaithe gur gá laghdú 50-80% chun a tiúchan san atmaisféar a laghdú.

Tá na gáis eile a cheapann teas san atmaisféar i bhfad níos measa chun an teas a sháinniú, ach i bhfad níos teirce san atmaisféar.

Cuireann meatán timpeall 25% leis an téamh breise domhanda, agus CFCanna timpeall 20%. Is gá stop glan a chur le sceitheadh CFCanna san atmaisféar chun a dtiúchan a laghdú, de bhrí gur ábhair chomh fadtéarmach iad.[2]

Féach freisin

Tagairtí

  1. Pádraig Ó Mianáin, eag.: “greenhouse effect — Aistriúchán Gaeilge ar greenhouse effect (An Foclóir Nua Béarla-Gaeilge)” (ga). An Gúm (2020). Dáta rochtana: 2024-05-14.
  2. Hussey, Matt (2011). "Iarmhairt cheaptha teasa". Fréamh an Eolais. Coiscéim. p. 359.

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