Émeute du Cooper Do-nuts

Émeute du Cooper Do-nut

Date mai 1959
Lieu Cooper Do-nut, Main Street
Los Angeles, Californie

L'émeute du Cooper Do-nut a été un incident survenu en mai 1959 à Los Angeles au cours duquel des femmes transgenres, des lesbiennes, des drag queens et des gays se sont révoltés lors l'un des premiers soulèvements LGBT aux États-Unis[1]. L'émeute de Cooper Do-Nuts serait le premier soulèvement LGBT aux États-Unis.

Émeute

Le café du Cooper Do-nut était situé sur Main Street, dans le centre-ville de Los Angeles entre deux bars gays, le Harold's et le Waldorf[2]. Ce café était un lieu de rencontre populaire pour les personnes transgenres[3],[4],[5].

De nombreux clients LGBT avaient déjà été arrêtés chez Cooper Do-nuts[6]. Le jour de l'émeute en , deux policiers sont entrés dans le café et ont demandé aux clients une pièce d'identité, comme la loi de Los Angeles le dictait à l'époque que si la présentation sexuelle d'une personne ne correspondait pas au sexe indiqué sur sa pièce d'identité, ils ont été emmenés en prison[6]. Les policiers ont tenté d'arrêter deux drag queens, deux travailleurs du sexe masculins et un homosexuel[7]. L'une des personnes arrêtées était le romancier John Rechy, qui a raconté cet événement dans son roman Cité de la nuit (City of Night). Dans son roman, Rechy décrit les mauvais traitements infligés par le service de police de Los Angeles cette nuit comme l'aboutissement d'un ciblage systématique de la communauté LGBTQ[8].

Les détenus protestent contre le manque de place dans la voiture de police[9]. Les badauds, qui regardent la scène, commencent à jeter du café, des tasses et des ordures à la police jusqu'à ce que les forces de l'ordre partent sans les détenus de la voiture[9]. L'altercation dégénère en émeute dans les rues et des renforts de la police sont arrivés et ont bloqué la rue toute la nuit[1]. Plusieurs personnes sont arrêtées[1],[2]. Le soulèvement de Cooper Do-Nuts serait le premier soulèvement LGBT aux États-Unis[2],[10],[11].

Notes et références

  1. a b et c (en) Evan Moffitt, « 10 Years Before Stonewall, There Was the Cooper's Donuts Riot », Out Magazine,‎ (lire en ligne)
  2. a b et c (en) Lillian Faderman et Stuart Timmons, Gay L.A. : A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, and Lipstick Lesbians, New York, NY, Basic Books, (lire en ligne)
  3. (en) Lillian Faderman et Stuart Timmons, Gay L. A. : A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, and Lipstick Lesbians, Basic Books, , 1–8 p. (ISBN 0-465-02288-X, lire en ligne)
  4. (en) « Milestones in the American Transgender Movement », The New York Times,‎ (lire en ligne)
  5. (en) Daniel Villarreal, « Before Stonewall, There Was The Cooper’s Donuts And Compton’s Cafeteria Riots », Queerty,‎ (lire en ligne)
  6. a et b (en) Avery, « 5 Pre-Stonewall Events That Shaped the LGBT Community: Trailblazers » [archive], newnownext, New Now Next,
  7. (en) Megan E. Springate, LGBTQ America : A Theme Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer History, National Park Foundation, (lire en ligne), p. 18:29
  8. (en) Phillip Zonkel, « Queer history was made at Cooper’s Donuts in Los Angeles », Q Voice News,‎ (lire en ligne)
  9. a et b (en) Christiana Lilly, « Los Angeles' Cooper Donuts gay riots sparked a revolution 10 years before Stonewall », The Pride LA,‎ (lire en ligne)
  10. (en) « Los Angeles' Cooper Donuts gay riots sparked a revolution 10 years before Stonewall - The Pride LA », The Pride LA,‎ (lire en ligne)
  11. (en) Denio Lourenco, « 5 LGBTQ Protests That Set the Stage for Stonewall », Vice,‎ (lire en ligne)

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