Ziran

Zìrán (chinois : 自然 ; pinyin : ziran ; Wade : tzu-jan) signifie nature ou naturel en chinois contemporain, alors que sous les dynasties précédant les Qin, il définit la spontanéité [1]. Le mot est composé de deux caractères dotés chacun d'un sens comme c'est presque toujours le cas en chinois: 自 veut dire de soi-même, par soi-même et 然 c'est ainsi, c'est comme cela ; 自然 , zìrán a donc pour sens premier : " c'est ainsi de son propre soi "[2] , ce qui advient de soi-même [3] . C'est en ce sens qu'il apparaît pour la première fois dans les écrits taoistes , en particulier dans le Dao De Jing où il qualifie le principe même du dao, la Voie, la loi fondamentale de l'univers, en soulignant qu'elle n'est définissable que par elle-même dans sa spontanéité . Pour suivre sa nature, elle n'a qu'à suivre ce qu'elle est, elle trouve en elle-même son fondement,sa racine ; elle n'a rien à imiter en dehors d'elle-même , écrivent certains commentateurs [4] En dehors de l'action humaine, il se passe des faits dans l'univers ; il y a un jeu d'interactions entre le Ciel et la Terre[5] . C'est aussi ce 自然 , zìrán, cette spontanéité que les adeptes du taoisme doivent retrouver en eux-mêmes, dans leur mode de vie, leurs pratiques et leur comportement social.

Notes et références

  1. Tian Yu Cao, Xueping Zhong, Liao Kebin, Culture and Social Transformations in Reform Era China, Leiden and Boston, 2010 ; p.82 [1]
  2. Zi Ran La voie de la nature[2]
  3. "It-self-so-ing" and "Other-ing" in Lao Zi's Concept of Zi Ran[3]
  4. Tao Te King. Le livre De La Voie Et De La Vertu . Traduit en Francais avec le texte chinois et commenté par St. Julien, Paris, 1842 , Ch. 25 , p.92-96.[4]
  5. The A to Z of Taoism, de Julian F. Pas, publié chez Scarecrow Press Inc., pages 237 et 238

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