Temple d'Auguste (Rome)

Temple d'Auguste
Image illustrative de l’article Temple d'Auguste (Rome)
La façade du temple sur un sesterce d'Antonin le Pieux.

Lieu de construction Vélabre
Date de construction 14 apr. J.-C.
Ordonné par Tibère et Livie
Type de bâtiment Temple
Le plan de Rome ci-dessous est intemporel.
Carte de la Rome antique montrant la localisation de Temple d'Auguste (Rome).
Temple d'Auguste
Localisation du temple dans la Rome antique (en rouge)

Coordonnées 41° 53′ 30″ nord, 12° 29′ 04″ est
Liste des monuments de la Rome antique

Le temple d'Auguste (en latin : templum divi Augusti ou templum novum) est édifié en l'honneur du premier empereur romain, Auguste.

Localisation

Tibère a édifié une bibliothèque connectée au temple, la bibliothèque du temple d'Auguste[a 1]. Le temple et sa bibliothèque sont situés dans le Vélabre, derrière le temple de Castor et Pollux et la basilique Julia, au pied du Palatin. Sous les Flaviens, ils sont intégrés dans un ensemble de bâtiments relié par une rampe à la plateforme de la colline du Palatin. Le temple est parfois appelé templum novum au lieu de templum Augusti ou divi Augusti, notamment par Suétone[a 2] et Martial[a 3].

Histoire

Le temple est dédié par Livie et Tibère à Auguste qui a été divinisé à sa mort en 14 ap. J.-C.[a 4],[a 5] Selon Suétone, la construction du temple est terminée sous le règne du troisième empereur, Caligula[a 6],[a 7]. Tacite, repris par Dion Cassius, déclare que la construction s'est achevée sous Tibère mais que la dédicace n'a eu lieu que sous Caligula[a 8].

Il est détruit en 79 et probablement remis en état par Domitien qui y adjoint une chapelle dédiée à Minerve[a 3]. Une restauration importante est réalisée par Antonin le Pieux.

Description

Des pièces de monnaie[n 1] datées du règne d'Antonin le Pieux montrent un temple octastyle (façade de huit colonnes) avec des chapiteaux corinthiens, ainsi que deux statues, vraisemblablement celles d'Auguste et de Livie[a 9]. L'intérieur du temple devait être orné d'autres statues d'empereurs divinisés.

La cella du temple contient aussi une peinture de Hyacinthe réalisée par Nicias d'Athènes, peintre du IVe siècle av. J.-C.[a 10]. Ce tableau a été ramené d'Alexandrie par Auguste et placé dans le temple qui lui est consacré par Tibère[a 11].

Notes et références

Notes

Références

  • Sources antiques :
  • Sources modernes :

Bibliographie

  • (en) Samuel Ball Platner et Thomas Ashby, A topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome, Oxford University Press,

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