Swertia perennis

Swertia perennis
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Swertie vivace
Classification APG III (2009)
Règne Plantae
Clade Angiospermes
Clade Dicotylédones vraies
Clade Noyau des Dicotylédones vraies
Clade Astéridées
Clade Lamiidées
Ordre Gentianales
Famille Gentianaceae
Tribu Gentianeae
Genre Swertia

Espèce

Swertia perennis
L., 1753

La Swertie vivace (Swertia perennis) est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Gentianaceae. Elle est présente dans plusieurs régions de l'hémisphère nord, dont la plupart de l'Eurasie et de l'Amérique du Nord. Elle est protégée localement en France dans plusieurs régions[1].

Description

La swertie vivace est une plante vivace produisant généralement une seule tige de 10 à 50 centimètres. Les feuilles basales sont en forme de cuillère, les feuilles supérieures sont lancéolées à ovales, avec une extrémité en pointe. L'inflorescence est une panicule lâche de fleurs réparties le long de la tige. Chaque fleur a un calice de 4 à 5 sépales et une corolle de 4 à 5 pétales de 1 à 3 centimètres de long. La corolle est bleu violacé veinée de violet sombre.

Deux zones nectarifères se trouvent à la base de chaque pétale, des étamines portant de larges anthères entourant un ovaire central.

Habitat

C'est une espèce de zones humides, particulièrement calcaires. Elle est commune à abondante selon les régions, mais est fragilisée par la fragmentation de ses habitats et autres types de destructions, ainsi que par l'activité humaine qui a conduit à des extinctions locales de zones où elle était auparavant commune[2],[3].

Références

  1. ↑ (fr) Référence Tela Botanica (France métro) : Swertia perennis statut de protection inclus
  2. ↑ Lienert, J., et al. (2002). Isozyme variability of the wetland specialist Swertia perennis (Gentianaceae) in relation to habitat size, isolation, and plant fitness. Am J Bot 89:5 801-11.
  3. ↑ Lienert, J., et al. (2002). Local extinctions of the wetland specialist Swertia perennis L. (Gentianaceae) in Switzerland: A revisitation study based on herbarium records. Biological Conservation 103-1 65-76.

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