Sirkeli

Vue du site de Sirkeli.

Sirkeli Höyük est un site archéologique de Turquie, correspondant à une ancienne cité hittite, localisé dans la province d'Adana, 40 kilomètres à l'est d'Adana près de la rivière Ceyhan. Il fait l'objet de fouilles entre des équipes turques, allemandes et suisses.

Bas-relief représentant le roi Muwatalli II.

Les plus anciennes occupations du site remontent à la période chalcolithique (c. 5000-3000 av. J.-C.). La phase la plus importante correspond à l'Âge du bronze, sous la domination hittite, notamment au XIIIe siècle av. J.-C. Le site est alors de forme ovoïde, d'environ 300 × 400 mètres. Les éléments les plus notables de cette période sont des bas-reliefs du temps du roi Muwatalli II (c. 1295-1277 av. J.-C.), qui sont les plus anciens bas-reliefs rupestres hittites connus à ce jour. Un premier représente le roi en habit de prêtre, portant le sceptre recourbé (kalmus). Un autre bas-relief, mutilé, représenterait un des fils du roi, peut-être Urhi-Teshub, ou bien Kurunta. Des installations cultuelles ont été repérées à proximité. Des traces d'occupations plus tardives ont été repérées sur le site : Âge du fer (c. 1000-700 av. J.-C.), correspondant aux périodes néo-hittite et phrygienne, puis à la période hellénistique (c. 300-150 av. J.-C.).

Notes et références

Bibliographie

  • (de) Mirko Novák, Ekin Kozal et Deniz Yaşin Meier (ed.): Sirkeli Höyük. Ein urbanes Zentrum am Puruna-Pyramos im Ebenen Kilikien. Schriften zur Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 13. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2019. (ISBN 978-3-447-11161-4)
  • (en) Alexander Ahrens: John Garstang at Sirkeli Höyük, Cilician Plain, in 1936–1937: Old Photographs and New Evidence from the Renewed Excavations, in: Anatolica (Annuaire international pour les civilisations de l'Asie antérieure) 40 (2014), S. 47–60. [DOI: 10.2143/ANA.40.0.3036674]
  • (en) Alexander Ahrens, Ekin Kozal, Mirko Novák: Sirkeli Höyük in Smooth Cilicia. A General Overview from the 4th to the 1st Millennium BC, in: Paolo Matthiae u. a. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 5 May – 10 May 2008, "Sapienza", Università di Roma (6ICAANE); Vol. 2: Excavations, Surveys and Restorations, Reports on Recent Field Archaeology in the Near East (Wiesbaden 2010), S. 55–74.
  • (de) A. Ahrens, E. Kozal, Chr. Kümmel, M. Novák: Neues aus dem Hethiterreich – Entdeckungen auf dem Sirkeli Höyük, in: Archäologie in Deutschland 1/2008, S. 4.
  • (de) A. Ahrens, E. Kozal, Chr. Kümmel, I. Laube, M. Novák: Sirkeli Höyük – Festung oder Kultstadt?, in: Antike Welt 3/2009, 42–46.
  • (de) A. Ahrens, E. Kozal, Chr. Kümmel, I. Laube, M. Novák: Sirkeli Höyük – Kulturkontakte in Kilikien. Vorbericht über die Kampagnen 2006 und 2007 der deutsch-türkischen Mission, in: Istanbuler Mitteilungen 58 (2008), S. 67–107.
  • (en) M. Forlanini: How to infer Ancient Roads and Intineraries from heterogenous Hittite Texts: The Case of the Cilician (Kizzuwatnean) Road System, KASKAL 10, 2013, S. 1–34.
  • (en) Ekin Kozal und Mirko Novák: Sirkeli Höyük. A Bronze and Iron Age Urban Settlement in Plain Cilicia, in: Ü. Yalçın (Hg.): Anatolian Metals VI, Der Anschnitt Beiheft 25 (Bochum 2013), S. 229–238. ISSN 0003-5238
  • (en) Ekin Kozal und Mirko Novák: Facing Muwattalli:Some Thoughts on the Visibility and Function of the Rock Reliefs at Sirkeli Höyük, Cilicia, in: E. Kozal, M. Akar, Y. Heffron, Ç. Çilingiroğlu, T.E. Şerifoğlu, C. Çakırlar, S. Ünlüsoy und E. Jean (Hg.): Questions, Approaches, and Dialoguesin the Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology Studies in Honor of Marie-Henriette and Charles Gates, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 445 (Münster 2017), S. 371–388. (ISBN 978-3-86835-251-1)
  • (de) Barthel Hrouda: Vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungsergebnisse auf dem Sirkeli Höyük/Südtürkei von 1992–1996, in: Istanbuler Mitteilungen 47 (1997), S. 91–150.
  • (de) Horst Ehringhaus: Vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabung auf dem Sirkeli Höyük, Provinz Adana/Türkei im Jahre 1997, in: Istanbuler Mitteilungen 49 (1999), S. 83–140.
  • (de) Horst Ehringhaus: Götter, Herrscher, Inschriften – Die Felsreliefs der hethitischen Großreichszeit in der Türkei, von Zabern 2005, (ISBN 3-8053-3469-9), S. 95–101.
  • (de) Mirko Novák, Ekin Kozal und Deniz Yaşin Meier (Hg.): Sirkeli Höyük. Die Schweizerisch-Türkischen Ausgrabungen 2006-15, Schriften zur Vorderasiatischen Archäologie Bd. 12 (im Druck, erscheint Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2018).
  • (en) Mirko Novák und Susanne Rutishauser: Kizzuwatna: Archaeology, in: M. Weeden und L.Z. Ullmann (Hg.), Hittite Landscape and Geography. Handbuch der Orientalistik I,125 (Leiden 2017), S. 134–145. (ISBN 978-90-04-34174-6)
  • (de) Alexander Sollee, Susanne Rutishauser, Christian Hübner, Birthe Hemeier und Mirko Novák: Die Wiederentdeckung des antiken Kummanni/Kisuatni: Fernerkundung, geophysikalische Prospektion und archäologische Ausgrabungen am Sirkeli Höyük, Türkei, in: Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern 2018, S. 102–125.

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