Révolution d'Ayutla

Révolution d'Ayutla
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Combats de la révolution d'Ayutla.
Informations générales
Date
(5 mois et 11 jours)
Lieu Mexique
Issue

Victoire des insurgés

  • Chute de Santa Anna
  • Proclamation de République libérale
Belligérants
Santanistes Libéraux
Fédéralistes
Commandants
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
José María Gutiérrez Estrada
Valentín Gómez Farías
Antonio de Haro y Tamariz
Juan Álvarez
Ignacio Comonfort
Martín Carrera
Rómulo Díaz de la Vega
Félix María Zuloaga
Forces en présence
70 000 hommes 85 000 hommes

Le plan d'Ayutla, proclamé le 1er mars 1854 dans l'État de Guerrero, est à l'origine d'un soulèvement insurrectionnel mexicain connu sous le nom de révolution d'Ayutla, qui se déroula de mars à août 1855, et qui a abouti à la chute du gouvernement d'Antonio López de Santa Anna, alors président du Mexique.

Il s'agit au départ d'un complot organisé par le parti libéral, avec à sa tête le général Juan Álvarez, contre le gouvernement de Santa Anna, qui exerça la présidence du pays à de multiples reprises à partir de 1835. Le complot tourne en révolution qui provoque la chute du régime et la prise de pouvoir des libéraux.

Histoire

Lors de l'entrée des troupes des États-Unis dans la ville de Mexico, Santa Anna dut prendre la fuite tout en tentant de reprendre le combat contre les envahisseurs, mais personne ne le suivit et il fut contraint de s'exiler à la Jamaïque.

Ses successeurs furent : Pedro María Anaya du au , Manuel de la Peña y Peña du au , José Joaquín de Herrera du au , Mariano Arista du au , Juan Bautista Ceballos du au , Manuel María Lombardini du au .

En 1853, à la suite d'une série de changements dans les législatures de divers États du pays, Santa Anna est réélu président.

Confronté a d'énorme difficultés tant financières que politiques, ainsi qu'aux révoltes fréquentes de ses ennemis, Santa Anna céda le pouvoir et s'exila à La Havane, puis aux Bahamas, cédant le pouvoir à Martín Carrera qui exerça la présidence du au . Son successeur Rómulo Díaz de la Vega exerça l'intérim du au .

Son successeur, Juan Álvarez, chef du parti libéral, est proclamé président de la République le . Il y renonce le de la même année pour le céder à Ignacio Comonfort.

Notes et références

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