Référendums constitutionnels australiens

Dix référendums constitutionnels sont organisés dans les six colonies australiennes autonomes entre et afin d'approuver la fédération de ces six territoires en un seul selon les termes du projet de constitution validé dans les mois précédents par des représentants de cinq de ces colonies. Ils débouchent sur la création le du Commonwealth d'Australie.

Malgré le succès du « pour » aux quatre premiers référendums organisés en , la fédération échoue faute de quorum en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, où moins de 25 % des électeurs s'expriment en faveur de celle-ci[1]. Du au , les Premiers ministres des six colonies se réunissent pour amender le projet et décident l'organisation de nouveaux référendums[2] : tenus d'avril à septembre dans cinq colonies, ceux-ci confirment ceux de l'année précédente, bien que l'abstention reste globalement élevée[1].

La création de la Fédération est mise en œuvre le , date de la sanction par la reine Victoria[3] du Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act voté par le parlement britannique[4]. Trois semaines plus tard, l'Australie-Occidentale, dont la participation à la fédération restait jusque-là incertaine, vote également en faveur de la fédération[5] et les six colonies australiennes deviennent le le Commonwealth d'Australie[6].

Résultats détaillés

Référendums de 1898

État Date Pour Contre Total Participation
Votes % Votes %
Tasmanie 11.797 81,29 2.716 18,71 14.513 25,0
Nouvelle-Galles du Sud 71.595 51,95 66.228 48,05 137.823 43,5
Victoria 100.520 81,98 22.099 18,02 122.619 50,3
Australie-Méridionale 35.800 67,39 17.320 20,54 53.120 30,9
Source : Direct Democracy

Référendums de 1899 et 1900

État Date Pour Contre Total Participation
Votes % Votes %
Australie-Méridionale 65.990 79,46 17.053 20,54 83.043 54,4
Nouvelle-Galles du Sud 107.420 56,49 82.741 43,51 190.161 63,4
Tasmanie 13.437 94,40 797 5,60 14.234 41,8
Victoria 152.653 93,96 9.805 6,04 162.458 56,3
Queensland 38.488 55,39 30.996 44,61 69.484 54,4
Australie-Occidentale 44.616 69,42 19.651 30,58 64.267 67,1
Source : Direct Democracy

Bibliographie

Notes et références

  1. a et b McMinn 1994, p. 152.
  2. McMinn 1994, p. 188.
  3. (en) « Royal Commission of Assent 9 July 1900 (UK) », sur foundingdocs.gov.au (consulté le ).
  4. (en) « Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (UK) », sur foundingdocs.gov.au (consulté le ).
  5. McMinn 1994, p. 194.
  6. McMinn 1994, p. 196.

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