Ming Xizong

Tianqi 天啓
Illustration.
Portrait assis de l'empereur Tianqi au musée national du Palais.
Titre
Empereur de Chine

(6 ans, 11 mois et 29 jours)
Prédécesseur Ming Taichang
Successeur Ming Chongzhen
Biographie
Titre complet Empereur de Chine
Dynastie Ming
Nom de naissance 朱由校
Date de naissance
Lieu de naissance Pékin
Date de décès (à 21 ans)
Lieu de décès Pékin
Nationalité Chinois
Père Ming Taichang
Mère Xiaohe
Conjoint Impératrice Zhang Baozhu

Tianqi (en chinois : 天啓, né à Pékin le et mort le dans la même ville), de son nom personnel Zhu Youjiao (朱由校), est le quinzième empereur de la dynastie Ming (1620-1627). Il succède à 15 ans à son père Ming Taichang.

Biographie

L'empereur Ming Xizong au musée national du Palais.

Un empereur illettré et fantoche

L'empereur Tianqi est illettré, ce qui le rend inapte à la gestion des affaires de l'État. Il les abandonne à sa nourrice Madame Ke et à l'eunuque Wei Zhongxian. Il se consacre à la menuiserie. Il a d'ailleurs construit une maquette de la cité interdite en bois.

Difficulté du règne

Les grandes difficultés matérielles du peuple provoquent plusieurs soulèvements paysans.

Les histoires de corruption sous son règne, sont à rapprocher de la mauvaise gestion des recettes fiscales du gouvernement, notamment dû à la présence de personnes indésirables comme Wei Zhongxian dans les affaires d'état.

À sa mort, son jeune frère Chongzhen lui succède.

Bilan

Son règne est catastrophique à tous les niveaux. Tianqi est un empereur totalement incompétent qui prépare la chute de sa dynastie. Sous son règne, commencent les soulèvements de paysans et militaires qui devaient emporter la dynastie en 1644.

Notes et références

Annexes

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