Inefficacité X

L’inefficacité X est l'écart entre le comportement efficace, efficient et maximisateur qu'une entreprise devrait avoir et son comportement réel. Cette inefficacité est dû à un manque de pression compétitive : cette absence ne pousse pas les entreprises à l'innovation. Ce concept fut introduit par Harvey Leibenstein en 1966 dans l'American Economic Review[1],[2],[3].

Concept

Dans la théorie économique standard, les entreprises cherchent à maximiser leurs profits et à être le plus efficientes que possible dans la gestion de leurs ressources. Cela est dû à ce qu'elles sont en concurrence avec d'autres entreprises sur un même marché. Toutefois, en l'absence de concurrence, les entreprises ne sont pas incitées à minimiser leurs coûts de production, entraînant une baisse des profits par rapport aux profits théoriques en situation de concurrence. La différence entre ces deux profits est l'inefficacité X[4].

En 1978, Leibenstein dégage dans un nouvel article certains facteurs selon lesquels les organisations publiques seraient plus enclines à une Inefficience-X. Les entreprises publiques étant souvent en situation de monopole, la recherche de la rentabilité y serait plus faible. Une théorie qui justifierait certaines privatisations d'organismes publics[5].

Sources

Références

  1. ↑ Leibenstein 1966, p. 392–415
  2. ↑ Leibenstein 1987
  3. ↑ Stigler 1976, p. 213-216
  4. ↑ Joseph Emmett Harrington et David Edward Michael Sappington, Economics of regulation and antitrust, (ISBN 978-0-262-03806-5 et 0-262-03806-4, OCLC 1015253299, lire en ligne)
  5. ↑ « I.2.2 La théorie de l’inefficience-X », sur Institut numérique

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