Fontaine atomique

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Vue de son sommet, une fontaine atomique de 10 mètres de haut. Des isotopes de rubidium (85Rb et 87Rb) sont projetés vers le haut dans la colonne à partir de sa base. Par la suite, leur chute est observé dans le but de déterminer la valeur de l'accélération gravitationnelle à une très grande précision.

Une fontaine atomique est un instrument constitué d'un tube cylindrique orienté verticalement où un nuage d'atomes est projeté vers le haut à l'aide de lasers. Une fois à l'extrémité supérieure de la colonne sous vide, ils retombent à cause de l'influence du champ gravitationnel terrestre. Si les atomes en suspension étaient visibles, ils formeraient un motif ressemblant à l'eau s'écoulant du haut d'une fontaine. Puisqu'ils sont seulement affectés par la pesanteur (car la colonne est sous vide), ces atomes permettent de configurer la fréquence d'une horloge atomique[1].

La motivation première pour développer une fontaine atomique est qu'elle permet de mesurer la fréquence d'une transition atomique, ce qui est utile en interférométrie Ramsey (en)[2].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ (en) « NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain Clock », NIST,
  2. ↑ (en) C. J. Foot, Atomic Physics, , p. 212

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