Cytorhabdovirus

Cytorhabdovirus est un genre de virus de la famille des Rhabdoviridae qui comprend vingt-trois espèces acceptées par l'ICTV. Ce sont des virus à ARN à simple brin à polarité négative, classés dans le groupe V de la classification Baltimore. Ces virus infectent des plantes (phytovirus) mono- et dicotylédones, et également certaines espèces d'insectes. Ils se répliquent dans le cytoplasme des cellules infectées tant chez les plantes que chez les insectes.

Étymologie

Le nom générique « Cytorhabdovirus » dérive du grec ancien, κύτος (kytos), la cellule, en référence à la localisation cytoplasmique des complexes de réplication virale[2].

Structure

Les virions sont des particules enveloppées, bacilliformes, de 60 à 75 nm de diamètre et 200 à 350 nm de long[2].

Le génome est constitué d'une molécule d'ARN à simple brin de sens négatif, linéaire, d'une taille d'environ 13 kb. Cet ARN code six à neuf protéines[3].

Transmission

Les Cytorhabdovirus infectant les plantes sont transmis par des insectes-vecteurs de l'ordre des Hémiptères : des pucerons (LNYV, ADV), des fulgores (NCMV, BYSMV) ou des cicadelles (RSMV). Certains virus sont également transmis lors de la multiplication végétative, et certains peuvent également être transmis par inoculation mécanique de la sève infectée. La transmission par les graines n'a pas été observée. Ces virus se répliquent toujours aussi bien dans les cellules de l'insecte-vecteur ainsi que chez la plante-hôte[2].

Liste des espèces et non-classés

Selon NCBI (30 janvier 2021)[4] :

Notes et références

  1. ICTV. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Taxonomy history. Published on the Internet https://talk.ictvonline.org/., consulté le 24 janvier 2021
  2. a b et c (en) « Genus: Cytorhabdovirus », sur talk.ictvonline.org, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (consulté le ).
  3. (en) « Cytorhabdovirus », sur ViralZone (consulté le ).
  4. NCBI, consulté le 30 janvier 2021

Liens externes

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