Classe Flores

Classe Flores
illustration de Classe Flores
le Hr. Ms Soemba
Caractéristiques techniques
Type Canonnière
Longueur 75,6 m
Maître-bau 11,5 m
Tirant d'eau 3,6 m
Déplacement 1 457 t (standard)
Port en lourd 1 793 t (pleine charge)
Propulsion 4 chaudières Yarrow
2 turbines à vapeur triple-expansions
2 arbres d'hélice
Puissance 2 000 ch
Vitesse 15 nœuds
Caractéristiques militaires
Blindage
Armement
Autres caractéristiques
Équipage 145
Histoire
Constructeurs Fijenoord
Wilton
A servi dans  Marine royale néerlandaise
Commanditaire Pays-Bas
Période de
construction
1925–1926
Période de service 1926–1956
Navires construits 2
Navires démolis 2

La Classe Flores est une classe de deux canonnières construite dans le milieu des années 1920 pour la Marine royale néerlandaise (Koninklijke Marine).

Le Flores et le Soemba étaient destinés à patrouiller dans les Indes orientales néerlandaises. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ils ont servi dans la Marine royale néerlandaise. Ils ont été, à plusieurs égards, les navires de surface les plus performants de la marine néerlandaise pendant la guerre.

C'étaient des navires de type "squat", tous deux mis en service en 1926, avec un armement relativement lourd pour leur taille (trois canons Krupp de 150 mm, du même type et du même calibre que pour les croiseurs Java et Sumatra. Leur principal atout était un système de contrôle de tir avancé qui les rendait très précis dans le bombardement des cibles côtières, comme l'a démontré une canonnière similaire, Johan Maurits van Nassau, en 1940, lorsqu'elle a fait taire une batterie allemande à une distance de quelque 19 km (10 milles nautiques).

Les unités

Nom Chantier naval Pose de la quille Lancement Mis en service Fin de carrière
Flores Fijenoord 13 janvier 1925 15 août 1925 25 mars 1926 16 septembre 1968
Soemba Wilton 24 décembre 1924 24 août 1925 12 avril 1926 9 juin 1985

Histoire

Le Flores a été ramenée aux Pays-Bas au début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale où elle a patrouillé dans les eaux territoriales jusqu'à l'invasion allemande en 1940. Légèrement endommagée, elle s'est échappée en Grande-Bretagne et a été employée comme escorte côtière.

Le Soemba a été retiré à Colombo en mars 1942, avant qu'il ne soit capturé ou détruit par l'invasion japonaise des Indes orientales.

La canonnière Flores

Le Flores et le Soemba sont réunis en mer Méditerranée et jouent un rôle actif et fructueux lors des débarquements en Sicile, à Salerne, Anzio, Garigliano, Gaeta et enfin, sur les plages de Normandie en juin 1944. Les navires ont subi de nombreux tirs d'artillerie basés à terre et de bombardiers , mais ont survécu à toutes les attaques, bien qu'ils aient subi des dommages à plusieurs reprises. Les correspondants de guerre britanniques les ont appelés "les terribles jumeaux".

Leurs canons étant usés en raison de leur utilisation intensive, les deux navires furent retirés du service actif peu après la guerre et utilisés pour l'instruction de l'artillerie et comme casernes flottantes. Le 10 novembre 1948, le Flores et le Soemba ont reçu le Koninklijke Vermelding bij Dagorder

Le Flores a été mis hors service en 1968 et le Soemba en 1986.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Lien interne

Bibliographie

  • (en) Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. (ISBN 0-85177-146-7).
  • (en) Cruijff, Henryk J. (2012). HNLMS Soemba: Radar-Instruction Ship & Aircraft Direction Ship, 1946–1954. In John Jordan (ed.). Warship 2012. London: Conway. pp. 170–72. (ISBN 978-1-84486-156-9).

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