Aigle (1750)

Aigle
illustration de Aigle (1750)
Modèle de vaisseau de 50 canons d'un type voisin de l’Aigle.

Type Vaisseau de ligne
Histoire
A servi dans Pavillon de la marine royale française Marine royale française
Quille posée [1]
Lancement
Armé [1]
Équipage
Équipage 407 hommes[1]
Caractéristiques techniques
Longueur 45,47 m[1]
Maître-bau 12,04 m
Tirant d'eau 5,87 m[1]
Déplacement 900 t[1]
Propulsion Voile
Caractéristiques militaires
Armement 50 canons[2]

L’Aigle était un petit vaisseau de ligne portant 50 canons, en service dans la Marine royale française dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Il fut mis en chantier pendant la vague de construction qui sépare la fin de guerre de Succession d'Autriche (1748) du début de la guerre de Sept Ans (1755)[3].

Carrière

Construit par Pierre Morineau à Rochefort en 1748-1749, il fut lancé le . Percé à 12 sabords, il portait 24 canons de 18 livres sur sa batterie basse et 26 canons de 12 sur sa deuxième batterie[1]. Il prit la mer pour la première fois en 1752[4]. Son équipage se composait de 400 hommes encadrés par 7 officiers[1].

En 1755, alors que la guerre menaçait entre la France et l'Angleterre, le navire fut armé à Brest dans une petite escadre (six vaisseaux et trois frégates) aux ordres du lieutenant général Macnemara qui devait escorter dix-huit bâtiments portant des renforts pour le Canada (aux ordres, elle, de Dubois de La Motte)[5].

A cette occasion, l’Aigle était commandé par le chevalier de Cousages, capitaine de vaisseau. Les ordres de Macnemara étant de prendre le moins de risque possible face aux forces anglaises, il se contenta de faire une croisière sur les côtes avant de rentrer (-), laissant Dubois de La Motte terminer seul la mission[5]. Le vaisseau resta donc en France cette année-là et traversa la suite du conflit sans faire parler de lui.

La fin de carrière de l’Aigle est mal connue. Ronald Deschênes le donne comme retiré de la flotte en 1758[2]. Jean-Michel Roche le donne perdu par naufrage en 1765 au Canada dans le détroit de Belle-Isle près de Mécatina[4].

Notes

  1. a b c d e f g et h Article French Fourth Rate ship of the line L'Aigle (1750), article du site anglophone Three Decks - Warships in the Age of Sail d'après Demerliac 1995.
  2. a et b Ronald Deschênes, Vaisseaux de ligne français de 1682 à 1780, sur le site agh.
  3. Villiers 2015, p. 126.
  4. a et b Lieutenant de vaisseau Jean-Michel Roche, Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la Flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours, t.1, de 1671 à 1870, éditions LTP, 2005, p.10.
  5. a et b Lacour-Gayet 1910, p. 254-255.

Bibliographie

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