Samnilaiset

Italian kansat 400 eaa. Samnilaiset tummanvihreällä.

Samnilaiset eli oskit on Keski- ja Etelä-Italiassa (Samniumissa) asuneiden muinaisten kansojen yhteisnimi. Samnilaisiin kuului ainakin neljä heimoa: pentri, caraceni, caudini ja hirpini sekä myöhemmin frentani. Roomalaiset voittivat heidät samnilaissodissa (343–341, 326–304, 298–290 eaa.) ja lopullisesti 272 eaa. Vuosien 91–88 eaa. liittolaissodassa he vielä taistelivat Roomaa vastaan, samoin kansalaissodassa, mutta 82 eaa. Lucius Cornelius Sulla kävi verisen taistelun heitä vastaan ja lopetti sodan. Historiankirjojen mukaan "kaupungeista tuli kyliä, ja osa niistä katosi täysin".[1] Samalla oskin kieli syrjäytyi latinan tieltä[2].

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Paavo Castrén: Uusi antiikin historia, s. 275-297. Helsinki: Otava, 2012. ISBN 978-951-1-21594-3
  2. ↑ WSOY Iso tietosanakirja 7, s. 81, WSOY 1997 ISBN 951-0-20163-4

Aiheesta muualla

Fresko samnilaisten voitosta Caudinen taistelussa 320 eaa. Roomaa vastaan.

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