Red Bull Stratos

Red Bull Stratos -projektissa käytetty kapseli Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Centerissä, Washington D.C.:ssä

Red Bull Stratos oli laskuvarjohyppyprojekti, jossa itävaltalainen Felix Baumgartner hyppäsi heliumpallosta stratosfääristä rikkoen useita ennätyksiä. Baumgartner nousi 14. lokakuuta 2012 heliumpallon kyydissä noin 39 kilometrin[1][2][3] korkeuteen stratosfääriin New Mexicossa Yhdysvalloissa ennen vapaapudotuksen alkua.[4] Koko hyppy kapselista maanpinnalle kesti noin kymmenen minuuttia.[1] Vapaapudotuksen arvioitiin aluksi kestävän viidestä kuuteen minuuttia,[5] mutta Baumgartner avasi laskuvarjonsa jo 4 minuutin ja 19 sekunnin pudotuksen jälkeen.[1]

Baumgartner rikkoi äänivallin saavuttamallaan 1357,64 km/h (Mach 1.25) nopeudella,[6] ja hänestä tuli näin ensimmäinen ihminen, joka oli liikkunut yliääninopeudella ilman moottorivoimaa.[4][7] Alustavien mittauksien perusteella Baumgartner rikkoi myös kaksi muuta ennätystä. Baumgartnerin saavuttama 38 969 metrin lentokorkeus[8] rikkoi edellisen, mutta epävirallisen Nicholas Piantanidan tekemän ilmapallon korkeusennätyksen (37640 m).[9][10][11][12] Baumgartner rikkoi myös korkeimmalta tehdyn laskuvarjohypyn ennätyksen, jonka oli tehnyt eläkkeelle jäänyt USAFin eversti Joseph Kittinger, joka toimi myöhemmin myös Baumgartnerin avustajana ja kapselikommunikaattorina itse ennätyshypyn aikana. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) virallisti Baumgarnerin ennätykset jonkin aikaa hypyn jälkeen.[13]

Baumgartnerin hyppy tapahtui samana päivänä, jona Chuck Yeager aikanaan rikkoi äänivallin ensimmäistä kertaa miehitetyllä ilma-aluksella.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Michelson, Megan: Baumgartner makes record freefall. ESPN, 14 October 2012. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 14 October 2012.
  2. ↑ Felix Baumgartner to make space jump attempt on Sunday. The Telegraph, 11 October 2012. London. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 11 October 2012.
  3. ↑ Paur, Jason: Red Bull Releases Incredible POV Video of 128,000-Foot Stratos Jump. Wired, 15 October 2013. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 15 October 2013.
  4. ↑ a b Henderson, Barney; Irvine, Chris: Skydiver Felix Baumgartner attempts to break sound barrier: latest. Telegraph, 9 October 2012. London. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 9 October 2012.
  5. ↑ Smith, Chris: Red Bull Stratos Live Blog: Watch Felix Baumgartner Break Speed Of Sound. Forbes, 9 October 2012. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 9 October 2012.
  6. ↑ Irvine, Chris: Felix Baumgartner: Daredevil in record-breaking free fall attempt: live. Telegraph, 14 October 2012. London. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 14 October 2012.
  7. ↑ Amos, Jonathan: Skydiver Felix Baumgartner lands highest ever jump. BBC, 14 October 2012. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 14 October 2012.
  8. ↑ Fearless Felix makes successful freefall jump. New Zealand Herald, 15 October 2012. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 15 October 2012. Arkistoitu 15 lokakuu 2012.
  9. ↑ Ryan, Craig: The Pre-Astronauts: Manned Ballooning on the Threshold of Space, s. 258–269. Naval Institute Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1591147480 Teoksen verkkoversio.
  10. ↑ Ryan, Craig: Magnificent Failure: Free Fall from the Edge of Space. Smithsonian Books, 2003. ISBN 978-1588341419 Teoksen verkkoversio.
  11. ↑ Betancourt, Mark: The 120,000-Foot Leap. Air & Space Magazine, July 2012. Artikkelin verkkoversio.
  12. ↑ Chutist Changes Mind 123,500 Feet in Sky. New York Times, 2 February 1966. Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 13 October 2012.
  13. ↑ Baumgartner's Records Ratified By FAI fai.org. Arkistoitu 5 lokakuu 2013. Viitattu 27 March 2013.

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