Maailmankaikkeuden kiihtyvä laajeneminen

Maailmankaikkeuden kiihtyvällä laajenemisella viitataan havaintoon, että Maailmankaikkeuden laajeneminen tapahtuu kiihtyvällä vauhdilla eli skaalatekijällä on positiivinen toisen kertaluvun derivaatta. Käytännössä siis kaukaiset galaksit etääntyvät toisistaan yhä kiihtyvällä vauhdilla, ja kiihtyvyys on sitä suurempi, mitä kauempana galaksit jo ovat toisistaan.[1]

Kiihtyvän laajenemisen havaitsivat ensimmäisten joukossa Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt ja Adam Riess.[2] He saivat havaintojensa ansiosta Nobelin fysiikanpalkinnon vuonna 2011.[3]

Laajenemismallit

Kiihtyvää laajenemista on yritetty selittää maailmankaikkeuden malleilla, joihin kuuluu jonkinlainen pimeän energian muoto. Tällä energialla olisi negatiivinen paine, ja sitä voitaisiin kuvata yksinkertaisesti kosmologisena vakiona tai tyhjiöenergiana. Pimeän energian olemassaoloa pidetään nykyisin lähes varmana.[4]

Laajenemisen seuraukset

Maailmankaikkeuden laajentuessa tavallisen aineen, säteilyn ja pimeän aineen tiheys siinä vähenee nopeammin kuin pimeän energian tiheys, mikä tekee kaikkeudesta lopulta pimeä energia -voittoisen. Toisin sanoen maailmankaikkeuden koon kaksinkertaistuessa pimeän energian tiheys pysyy likimain tai täysin vakiona (mikäli se on kosmologinen vakio), mutta muun aineen ja energian tiheys muuttuu kahdeksan kertaa pienemmäksi.

Nykyisten havaintojen mukaan pimeän energian energiatiheys maailmankaikkeudessa on jo nyt suurempi kuin muun aineen ja energian tiheys.[4] Malleissa, joiden mukaan pimeä energia on kosmologinen vakio, maailmankaikkeus tulee laajentumaan eksponentiaalisesti. Lopulta kaikki paikallisen superjoukon ulkopuolella olevat galaksit ovat niin punasiirtyneitä, että niitä on lähes mahdotonta havaita.

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Is the universe expanding faster than the speed of light? Curious about Astronomy. 16.10.2007. Viitattu 8.2.2013. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Lars Bergström, Olga Botner, Lars Brink ja Börje Johansson: Information for the Public: Written in the Stars (pdf) Nobel-säätiö. Viitattu 8.2.2013. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 Nobel-säätiö. Viitattu 8.2.2013. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ a b Mikko Suominen: Pimeän energian olemassaolo on 99,996-prosenttisen varmaa Tähdet ja avaruus. 14.9.2012. Viitattu 8.2.2013.

Read other articles:

Thomas Schelling

American economist (1921–2016) Thomas SchellingSchelling in 2010BornThomas Crombie Schelling(1921-04-14)April 14, 1921Oakland, California, U.S.DiedDecember 13, 2016(2016-12-13) (aged 95)Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.Academic careerInstitutionYale UniversityHarvard UniversityUniversity of MarylandNew England Complex Systems InstituteFieldGame theoryAlma materUniversity of California, Berkeley (BA)Harvard University (PhD)DoctoraladvisorArthur SmithiesWassily LeontiefJames DuesenberryDocto...

 

Memorias (Grupo Bryndis album)

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for music. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merge...

 

Компаньйон (фільм)

КомпаньйонEl acompañante Жанр ДрамаРежисер Павел ЖіроПродюсер Даніель Діас РавелоСценарист Алехандро БругуесП'єр ЕдельманПавел ЖіроУ головних ролях Каміла АртешеАрмандо Мігель ГомесБроселіанда ЕрнандесЙотуель РомероОператор Ернесто КальсадоКомпозитор Уліс ЕрнандесСерх

Fansipan

Fansipan Localización geográficaContinente AsiaCordillera Hoàng Liên Sơn mountain rangeCoordenadas 22°18′12″N 103°46′30″E / 22.303333333333, 103.775Localización administrativaPaís VietnamDivisión Lao CaiLocalización  VietnamCaracterísticas generalesAltitud 3.143 m s. n. m.Prominencia 1613 metrosSuperficie m²[editar datos en Wikidata] Fansipan (a veces también escrito Fan Si Pan[1]​; en vietnamita: Phan Xi Pang) es una montaña en Viet...

 

ميروسلاف رادوفيتش

ميروسلاف رادوفيتش رادوفيتش مع ليغيا وارسو في عام 2011 معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل ميروسلاف رادوفيتش الميلاد 16 يناير 1984 (العمر 39 سنة)غوراجده، جمهورية يوغوسلافيا الاشتراكية الاتحادية الطول 1.82 م (5 قدم 11 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب وسط هجومي الجنسية صربي معلومات النادي الن...

 

Alfred Hugenberg

Alfred Hugenberg (1933) Alfred Ernst Christian Alexander Hugenberg (* 19. Juni 1865 in Hannover; † 12. März 1951 in Kükenbruch) war ein deutscher Montan-, Rüstungs- und Medienunternehmer, Politiker (DNVP) und während der ersten Monate nach Hitlers Machtergreifung 1933 Minister für Wirtschaft, Landwirtschaft und Ernährung in dessen erstem Kabinett. Er gehörte zu den Gründungsmitgliedern des völkischen und antisemitischen Alldeutschen Verbandes, der zeitweise einer der größten und ...

مايكل أوشيا

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2018) مايكل أوشيا   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 17 مارس 1906  هارتفورد، كونيتيكت  الوفاة 4 ديسمبر 1973 (67 سنة)   دالاس، تكساس  سبب الوفاة نوبة قلبية  مواطنة الولا

 

عائشة بنت أبي بكر

عائشة بنت أبي بكر تخطيط لاسم عائشة بنت أبي بكر ملحوق بدُعاء الرضا عنها أُم المؤمنين، حبيبة رسول الله، حبيبة المُصطفى، حبيبة الحبيب، المُبرَّأة، الطيِّبة، الصِّدّيقة، مُوفَّقة، عائش، أُم عبد الله، الحُميراء (ومعنى الحميراء: بيضاء البشرة)،[1][2] ابنة الصِّدّيق[3]ف

 

The Rise and Fall of Ruby Woo

2007 studio album by The Puppini SistersThe Rise and Fall of Ruby WooStudio album by The Puppini SistersReleased1 October 2007 (2007-10-01)Recorded Air Studios Kensaltown Studios RAK Studios & Little Big Room Nashville United States GenreJazz, pop, vocal[1]Length47:24[1]LabelUniversal Classics and JazzProducerMartin Terefe, Jon Hall, The Puppini SistersThe Puppini Sisters chronology Betcha Bottom Dollar(2006) The Rise and Fall of Ruby Woo(2007) Chris...

Don't Click (2020 film)

2020 Canadian horror film Don't ClickFilm posterDirected byG-Hey KimWritten byCourtney EllumProduced byCourtney EllumGeorge MihalkaBill MarksStarringValter SkarsgårdMark KoufosCatherine HowardGeoff MaysMay GrehanCinematographyRuss De JongEdited byMike GallantMusic byLora BidnerRelease date August 29, 2020 (2020-08-29) (FrightFest) Running time90 minutesCountryCanadaLanguageEnglish Don't Click is a 2020 Canadian horror film that was directed by G-Hey Kim. It screened online...

 

Chindi (novel)

2002 novel by Jack McDevitt Chindi First editionAuthorJack McDevittCover artistEdwin HerderLanguageEnglishSeriesAcademy Series - Priscilla Hutch HutchinsGenreScience fiction, mysteryPublisherAce BooksPublication dateJuly 2002 (Hardcover edition)Media typePrint (Paperback & Hardback)Pages528 (October 28, 2003, paperback)ISBN0-441-01102-0 (Paperback)OCLC53706568Preceded byDeepsix Followed byOmega  Chindi is a 2002 science fiction novel by American writer Jack M...

 

Little Manatee River State Park

State park in Florida, United States Little Manatee River State ParkIUCN category III (natural monument or feature)Show map of FloridaShow map of the United StatesLocationHillsborough County, Florida, USANearest cityBrandon, FloridaCoordinates27°40′16″N 82°21′22″W / 27.67111°N 82.35611°W / 27.67111; -82.35611Area2,433 acres or 985 haAverage elevation6 mGoverning bodyFlorida Department of Environmental Protection Little Manatee River State Par...

Kickapoo High School (Springfield, Missouri)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Kickapoo High School Springfield, Missouri – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Us public secondary school in Springfield, Missouri, United StatesKickapoo High SchoolAddress3710 ...

 

Diane Lockhart

Fictional character Diane Lockhart-McVeighThe Good Wife & The Good Fight characterDiane Lockhart-McVeigh, as portrayed by Christine BaranskiFirst appearanceThe Good Wife:PilotSeptember 22, 2009The Good Fight:InaugurationFebruary 19, 2017Last appearanceThe Good Wife:EndMay 8, 2016The Good Fight:The End of EverythingNovember 10, 2022Created byRobert King and Michelle KingPortrayed byChristine BaranskiIn-universe informationGenderFemaleOccupationAttorney at lawSpouseKurt McVeigh Diane Lockha...

 

Ignacia S. Moreno

American lawyer (born 1961) This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Ignacia S. Moreno Ignacia Soledad Moreno (born May 8, 1...

Національна бібліотека Франції

Національна бібліотека Франціїфр. Bibliotèque nationale de FranceBnF і BNF[1] Овальний зал в старій будівлі бібліотеки на вулиці Рішельє 48°50′01″ пн. ш. 2°22′33″ сх. д. / 48.833611111138772287° пн. ш. 2.3758333333610779° сх. д. / 48.833611111138772287; 2.3758333333610779Координати: 48°50′01″...

 

Cajus Julius Caesar

German politician For the Roman statesman, see Julius Caesar. Cajus Julius CaesarCaesar in 2009Member of the Bundestagfor North Rhine-WestphaliaConstituencyCDU ListIn office1 February 2011 – 24 October 2017In office7 July 2007 – 27 October 2009In office26 October 1998 – 18 October 2005 Personal detailsBorn (1951-01-22) 22 January 1951 (age 72)Rinteln, West GermanyPolitical partyCDU Cajus Julius Caesar (born 22 January 1951)[1] is a German politici...

 

Our First American Friends

2009 studio album by TubelordOur First American FriendsStudio album by TubelordReleasedOctober 12, 2009RecordedDecember 2008 - February 2009StudioThe Pierce Rooms, Hammersmith and Livingston Studios, Wood Green, London, UKGenreAlternative rock, math rock, indie popLength40:49LabelHassleProducerTristen IvemyTubelord chronology Our First American Friends(2009) Tezcatlipōca(2010) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingClassic Rock[1]Rock Sound8/10[2] Our First Amer...

Buah kurung

Permukaan stroberi, menampilkan buah-buah kurung Buah kurung adalah sebuah jenis buah kering sederhana yang dihasilkan oleh beberapa spesies tumbuhan berbunga. Buah kurung bersifat monokarpelat (terbentuk dari satu karpel) dan indehisken (tak terbuka saat dewasa). Buah kurung meliputi sebuah biji tunggal yang hampir mengisi perikarpus, tetapi tidak mengikutinya. Dalam beberapa spesies, apa yang disebut biji adalah buah kurung. Pranala luar Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Achenes. Bo...

 

Leviathan Movement

Political party in Serbia Leviathan Movement Покрет ЛевијатанPokret LevijatanPresidentPavle BihaliFounded2015Registered2020HeadquartersBelgradeIdeologyNeo-fascismPolitical positionFar-rightColours  BlackNational Assembly0 / 250Assembly of Vojvodina0 / 120City Assembly of Belgrade0 / 110Websitelevijatan.orgPolitics of SerbiaPolitical partiesElections This article is part of a series onFar-right politics in Serbia Principles Serbian nationalism Ultranationalism Christia...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!