Lounais-Afrikka

Lounais-Afrikka
Suidwes-Afrika
(afrikaansiksi)
South West Africa
(englanniksi)
Zuidwest-Afrika
(hollanniksi)
Südwestafrika
(saksaksi)
1915–1990

Lounais-Afrikan sijainti (vaaleanvihreällä) Etelä-Afrikassa (tummanvihreällä).
Lounais-Afrikan sijainti (vaaleanvihreällä) Etelä-Afrikassa (tummanvihreällä).

Valtiomuoto Kansainliiton mandaattialue, Etelä-Afrikan hallintoalue
osa  Etelä-Afrikkaa
Pääkaupunki Windhoek
Historia
– perustettiin 1915
– Versailles’n rauha 28. kesäkuuta 1919
– itsenäisyys Namibiana 21. maaliskuuta 1990
Viralliset kielet englanti, afrikaans, nama, hollanti (1915–1983)
saksa (1984–1990)
Valuutta Lounais-Afrikan punta (1920–1961)
Etelä-Afrikan randi (1961–1990)
Edeltäjä Saksan Lounais-Afrikan lippu Saksan Lounais-Afrikka
Seuraaja  Namibia

Lounais-Afrikka (afrikaansiksi Suidwes-Afrika, engl. South West Africa, holl. Zuidwest-Afrika, saks. Südwestafrika) oli nykyisen Namibian nimi, kun Etelä-Afrikka hallitsi sitä vuosina 1915–1990.

Alue oli ollut Saksan siirtomaa Saksan Lounais-Afrikka vuodesta 1884. Saksa joutui luopumaan kaikista siirtomaistaan ensimmäisen maailmansodan tappion jälkeen. Lounais-Afrikka luovutettiin sodan jälkeen brittien hallinnoimaan Etelä-Afrikan unioniin Kansainliiton mandaattialueena. Yhdistyneet kansakunnat lakkautti kaikki mandaattialueet vuonna 1966, mutta Etelä-Afrikka luopui Namibiasta vasta vuonna 1990. Etelä-Afrikalle jäi Walvis Bay ja Pingviinisaaret, jotka luovutettiin Namibialle vuonna 1994.[1]

Bantustanit

Apartheidin aikana Etelä-Afrikan viranomaiset perustivat kymmenen bantustania Lounais-Afrikkaan.[2] Nämä bantustanit korvattiin erillisillä etnisyyteen perustuvilla hallituksilla vuonna 1980.

Kartta mustien reservaateista (bantustan) Lounais-Afrikassa 1978.
Bantustan Pääkaupunki Heimo Vuodet Status
Bušmannimaa Tsumkwe sanit 1989 ilman itsehallintoa
Damaramaa Khorixas damarat 1980–1989
Itä-Caprivi Katima Mulilo lozit 1972–1989 itsehallintoalue
Hereromaa Okahandja hererot 1970–1989
Etelä-Afrikka Kaokomaa Opuwo himbat 1970–1989 ilman itsehallintoa
Namamaa Keetmanshoop namat 1980–1989
Kavango Rundu kavangot 1973–1989 itsehallintoalue
Ambomaa Eenhana ovambot 1973–1989
Rehoboth Rehoboth basterit 1979–1989 ilman itsehallintoa
Etelä-Afrikka Tswanamaa Aminuis tswanat 1979–1989

Lähteet

  1. Treaty on Walvis Bay Peace Agreements Database / University of Edinburgh. Viitattu 19.10.2021. (englanniksi)
  2. World Statesman

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