Kiintopiste (matematiikka)

Funktio, jolla on kolme kiintopistettä

Funktion f(x) kiintopiste on matematiikassa arvo x, jolle pätee f(x) = x.[1]Esimerkiksi jos funktio f on määritelty reaalilukujen joukossa

niin luku 2 on funktion f kiintopiste, koska

Graafisesti kiintopiste tarkoittaa sitä, että piste (x, f(x)) on suoralla y = x, toisin sanoen funktion f kuvaajalla on yhteinen piste suoran y = x kanssa. Funktiolla voi olla useitakin kiintopisteitä. Toisaalta kaikilla funktioilla ei ole lainkaan kiintopisteitä. Esimerkiksi jos funktio f on määritelty reaalilukujen joukossa f(x) = x + 1, sillä ei ole kiintopisteitä, koska x ei ole yhtäsuuri kuin x + 1 millään reaaliluvulla x.

Lähteet

  1. Eric W. Weisstein: Fixed Point mathworld.wolfram.com. Viitattu 15.7.2020. (englanniksi)

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