Kiinalainen aikakausinimi

Kiinalainen aikakausinimi (perint.: 年號, yksink.: 年号, pinyin: nían hào) oli Kiinan keisarin asettama nimitys osalle hänen hallintokauttaan. Tätä nimeä käytetään viitattaessa johonkin vuoteen kiinalaista kalenteria käyttäen, sillä kiinalainen kalenteri toimii 60 vuoden jaksoissa eikä pelkkä vuoden numero siis riitä. Aikakausinimiä alettiin käyttää Han-dynastian aikana.

Keisarit saattoivat hallintokaudellaan käyttää yhtä tai useampaa aikakausinimeä. Aina kun aikakausinimi vaihtui, vuosien laskeminen aloitettiin uudelleen yhdestä. Niiden aikakausinimien osalta joita ovat käyttäneet useammat keisarit, täytyy myös keisarin tai dynastian nimi mainita vuotta määritettäessä. Kullakin aikakausinimellä on myös merkitys, ikään kuin motto, joka viittaa jollakin tavalla kyseiseen hallintokauteen.

Keisarit Tang-dynastiasta Ming-dynastiaan (Ming-dynastiaa lukuun ottamatta) on helpompaa tunnistaa heidän yksiselitteisistä temppelinimistään. Ming- ja Qing-dynastian keisarit tunnetaan aikakausinimillään, sillä he käyttivät vain yhtä aikakausinimeä hallintokautensa aikana.

Hieman erilaisella nimeämisperiaatteella aikakausinimiä on käytetty myös Japanissa, Koreassa ja Vietnamissa, Japanissa käytetään edelleen.

Katso myös

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