János Xántus

János Xántus tai John Xantus de Vesey (5. lokakuuta 1825 Csokonya – 13. joulukuuta 1894 Budapest) oli unkarilainen eläintieteilijä.

Xántusin hautamuistomerkki

Xántus opiskeli lakimieheksi ja toimi Unkarin armeijan upseerina kansallismielisten kapinassa 1848–1849. Hänet vangittiin ja karkotettiin Prahaan. Hänet vangittiin toistamiseen, mutta hän pakeni Englannin kautta Yhdysvaltoihin. Yhdysvalloissa Xántus harjoitti useita ammatteja, toimien muun muassa kirja- ja rohdoskauppiaana, opettajana ja armeijan sairaanhoitajana. Armeijassa hän tapasi tohtori William Alexander Hammondin, joka toimi Spencer Fullerton Bairdin eläinnäytteiden kerääjänä. Työskennellessään Hammondia avustavana kirurgina Xántus kiinnostui luonnontieteistä ja oppi nopeasti keräämisen ja eläinten täyttämisen taidot. Bairdin ja Hammondin tuella hän onnistui saamaan konsulin aseman Meksikossa, mutta menetti sen tunnustaessaan erään paikallisen sotapäällikön. Pian tämän jälkeen Xántus palasi Unkariin.

Xántus toimi 30 vuotta Budapestin eläintieteellisen puutarhan johtajana ja Unkarin kansallismuseon kansatieteellisen osaston kuraattorina. Hän suoritti myös keräysmatkoja Aasiaan.

Xántus nimesi linnuista vuorisiepparin (Empidonax hammondii), harmaapäävireon (Vireo cassinii), täpläpöllön (Strix occidentalis) guadalupenmurrin (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) ja kaktussirppimatkijan (Toxostoma cinereum).[1] Hänen kunniakseen on nimetty naamiosafiirikolibri (Basilinna xantusii).[2]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ ITIS
  2. ↑ BirdLife Suomi (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
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