Distinguished Flying Cross (Yhdysvallat)

Distinguished Flying Cross

Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) (suom. Lentoansioristi) on Yhdysvaltain asevoimien myöntämä sotilasansiomitali.

Historia

Lentoansioristi perustettiin presidentin asetuksella 2. heinäkuuta 1926[1], mutta ensimmäiset ansioristit myönsi presidentti Calvin Coolidge 2. toukokuuta 1927. Ansioristien saajat olivat kymmenen Yhdysvaltain armeijan lentojoukkojen jäsentä, jotka olivat osallistuneet Keski- ja Etelä-Amerikkaan suuntautuneelle Pan American Good Will Flight-lennolle. Kaksi ristiä myönnettiin postuumisti Buenos Airesissa sattuneessa onnettomuudessa kuolleille lentäjille. Koska mitaleja ei ollut ehditty lyödä, he saivat aluksi vain todistuksen kunniamerkistä. Ensimmäisen fyysisen lentoansioristin sai Charles Lindbergh 11. kesäkuuta 1927, hänen onnistunutta Atlantin-ylitystään juhlistavassa tilaisuudessa.[1]

Toisessa maailmansodassa lentoansioristejä myönnettiin vaihtelevasti riippuen sotanäyttämöstä, tilanteesta ja tehtävästä.[2] Tyynellämerellä se myönnettiin ensisijaisesti upseereille, kun taas aliupseerit ja miehistö saivat Air Medal-kunniamitalin. Euroopassa se myönnettiin joskus koko lentomiehistölle pitkäaikaisesta ansiokkaasta toiminnasta.lähde?

Kriteerit

Lentoansioristi voidaan myöntää sotilaalle sankaruudesta tai poikkeuksellisista saavutuksista lentäessään. ("Heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight.")[1]

Muiden yhdysvaltalaisten sotilasansiomitalien tapaan, jos samalle henkilölle myönnetään DFC useamman kerran, ne merkitään mitalin nauhaan kiinnitetyillä pronssisilla tai hopeisilla tammenlehvillä (Yhdysvaltain armeija, Yhdysvaltain ilmavoimat ja Yhdysvaltain avaruusvoimat), tai kultaisilla ja hopeisilla tähdillä (Yhdysvaltain laivasto, Yhdysvaltain merijalkaväki ja Yhdysvaltain rannikkovartiosto).lähde?

Ansioristi on myönnetty myös siviilihenkilöille kongressin päätöksellä (viimeisen kerran 1952), sekä ulkomaisille sotilashenkilöille, jotka ovat osallistuneet taisteluun Yhdysvaltain joukkojen rinnalla tai tukena.lähde?

Tunnettuja DFC:n saajia

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Distinguished Flying Cross The Institute of Heraldry: Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the ARMY. Arkistoitu 24.12.2013. Viitattu 6.7.2021. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Barry L. Spink: Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal Criteria in the Army Air Forces in World War II In Rough Chronological Sequence (PDF) Air Force Historical Research Agency. Viitattu 6.7.2021. (englanniksi)

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