Chu

Chu
770 eaa.–223 eaa.


Chu ja sen naapurivaltiot noin 260 eaa.

Valtiomuoto monarkia
Edeltäjä Zhou-dynastia
Seuraaja Qin

Chu (Wade-Giles: Ch’u) oli muinainen valtio Kiinassa Zhou-dynastian aikana noin vuosina 770 eaa.223 eaa. Valtio sijaitsi hedelmällisessä Jangtse-joen laaksossa.[1] Chun ensimmäinen pääkaupunki oli Danyang, joka sijaitsi lähellä nykyistä Xichuania. Myöhemmin pääkaupunki siirtyi Yingiin.

Zhou-dynastian hallitsija läänitti Chun ylimyksille jo 1000-luvulla eaa. Dynastian vallan hajotessa kevättä ja syksyä -aikakaudella Chun hallitsija julistautui kuninkaaksi 770 eaa. ja valtakunta valloitti nopeasti pienempiä naapurivaltioita. Naapurivaltiot liittoutuivat Chun kasvavaa valtaa vastaan 600-luvulla eaa., jolloin valtakunnan kasvu pysähtyi.[1]

Taistelevien läänitysvaltioiden aikana Chu oli yksi suurimmista kiinalaisvaltioista. Lopulta kuitenkin Qin valloitti Chun vuonna 223 eaa. ja kahden vuoden kuluttua loputkin Kiinasta ja perusti Qin-dynastian. Qin-dynastian kaaduttua 206 eaa. Chu itsenäistyi jälleen hetkeksi, mutta uusi Han-dynastia otti alueen pian haltuunsa.[1]

Chun alueelta Zaoyangista Keski-Kiinasta tehtyjen arkeologisten löytöjen perusteella valtakunta on ollut hyvin vauras, vauraampi kuin aiemmin on ajateltu. Ylimysten hautausmaalla on vainajien lisäksi kymmeniä hevosia vaunuineen.[2]

Lähteet

  1. a b c Chu Encyclopædia Britannica. Viitattu 6.3.2020. (englanniksi)
  2. Wallius, Annastiina: Kiinasta löytyi hevosvaljakkojen hautuumaa Yle uutiset. Viitattu 9.1.2015.

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