Adam Czartoryski

Adam Czartoryski
Venäjän ulkoministeri
18041806
Edeltäjä Aleksandr Vorontsov
Seuraaja Andrej von Budberg
Puolan pääministeri
Seuraaja Jan Krukowiecki
Henkilötiedot
Syntynyt14. tammikuuta 1770
Varsova, Puola
Kuollut15. heinäkuuta 1861 (91 vuotta)
Montfermeil, Ranska
Puoliso Anna Zofia Sapieha
Tiedot
Nimikirjoitus
Nimikirjoitus

Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (17701861[1]) oli puolalainen ruhtinas, joka kuului Venäjän keisari Aleksanteri I:n lähipiiriin[2], mutta kääntyi Puolan itsenäisyyden kannalle vuonna 1830.

Czartoryski kuului Puola-Liettuan voimakkaimpaan aatelissukuun, jonka jäseniä on ollut vuosisatojen ajan maan johtotehtävissä. Hänen vanhempansa olivat ruhtinas Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski ja Izabella Czartoryski.[1] Isä-Czartoryski pyrki 1760-luvun Puolan hajaannusvuosina yhteistyöhön Venäjän kanssa.[2] Puolan toisen jaon jälkeen 1795 poika Adam Jerzy otettiin Venäjän hoviin panttivangiksi takaamaan Puolan uskollisuuden Venäjää kohtaan. Hän saavutti venäläisten luottamuksen, ja vuodesta 1804 alkaen hän toimi lähes kahdenkymmenen vuoden ajan Venäjän ulkoministerinä. [3]

Vuonna 1825 Venäjän poliittinen ilmapiiri muuttui täysin, kun taantumuksellinen Nikolai I asui valtaan. Tämä muutti myös Czartoryskin elämän. Vuonna 1830 puhkesi Puolan kapina, ja kenraali Józef Chłopicki julistautui maan diktaattoriksi. Muutaman kuukauden päästä demokraattisempi suunta valitsi hänen tilalleen Czartoryskin maan johtajaksi. Venäjä kukisti kapinan aseellisesti kesällä 1831. Czartoryski pakeni maasta ja sai poissaolevana kuolemantuomion. Ulkomailta käsin hän kävi kampanjaa Puolan itsenäisyyden hyväksi. Kodikseen hän hankki Hôtel Lambert -nimisen talon Pariisista. Hän pyrki tekemään siitä puolalaisen kulttuurikeskuksen, jossa varsinkin pianisti Frédéric Chopinin sävellykset ja esitykset saivat suurta suosiota. [3]

Adam Czartoryski eli 91-vuotiaaksi. Hänet on haudattu suvun kotikartanoon Puolan Sieniawaan.[3]

Lähteet

  1. a b Historical Dictionary of Poland 966–1945. Google Books. Viitattu 21.6.2016.
  2. a b Heikki Kirkinen (päätoim.): Venäjän ja Neuvostoliiton historia, s. 192, 208. Otava, 1986. ISBN 951-1-08450-X
  3. a b c Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive). History of Czartoryski Family. Viitattu 21.6.2016.

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