گیرنده آدنوزین A2A

ADORA2A
ساختارهای موجود PDB جستجوی هم‌ساخت‌شناسی: PDBe RCSB فهرست شناسه‌های PDB 2YDO, 2YDV, 3EML, 3PWH, 3QAK, 3REY, 3RFM, 3UZA, 3UZC, 3VG9, 3VGA, 4EIY, 4UG2, 4UHR, 5IU4, 5IU7, 5IUA, 5IU8, 5IUB
معین‌کننده‌ها
نام‌های دیگر	ADORA2A, adenosine A2a receptor, A2aR, ADORA2, RDC8
شناسه‌های بیرونی	OMIM: 102776 MGI: 99402 HomoloGene: 20166 GeneCards: ADORA2A
موقعیت ژن (موش) کروموزوم کروموزوم ۱۰ (موش)[۱] نوار 10|10 C1 شروع 75,152,711 bp[۱] پایان 75,170,618 bp[۱]
الگوی گسترش RNA More reference expression data
هستی‌شناسی ژن عملکرد ملکولی • G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity • G protein-coupled receptor activity • signal transducer activity • GO:0001948، GO:0016582 پیوند پروتئینی • identical protein binding • enzyme binding • alpha-actinin binding • type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding • protein heterodimerization activity ترکیبات سلولی • integral component of membrane • membrane • پوسته یاخته • integral component of plasma membrane • رشته‌های میانی • دستگاه غشایی درونی • GO:0097483، GO:0097481 postsynaptic density • آسه • دندریت • axolemma • asymmetric synapse • presynaptic membrane • soma • postsynaptic membrane • presynaptic active zone • integral component of postsynaptic membrane • integral component of presynaptic membrane • glutamatergic synapse • Golgi membrane فرایند زیستی • cAMP biosynthetic process • G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway • sensory perception • adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway • cell-cell signaling • انعقاد خون • blood circulation • cellular defense response • central nervous system development • بیگانه‌خواری • inflammatory response • GO:0072468 ورارسانی پیام • GO:0097285 مرگ برنامه‌ریزی‌شده یاخته • synaptic transmission, dopaminergic • response to amphetamine • GO:0009373 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • negative regulation of protein kinase activity • protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway • synaptic transmission, cholinergic • locomotory behavior • negative regulation of cell population proliferation • positive regulation of glutamate secretion • positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission • regulation of norepinephrine secretion • response to caffeine • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic • synaptic transmission, glutamatergic • positive regulation of urine volume • positive regulation of renal sodium excretion • negative regulation of locomotion • اتساع عروق • eating behavior • negative regulation of vascular permeability • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process • response to alkaloid • GO:1904089 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process • positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep • negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation • astrocyte activation • neuron projection morphogenesis • positive regulation of protein secretion • negative regulation of inflammatory response • regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential • membrane depolarization • regulation of calcium ion transport • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic • excitatory postsynaptic potential • inhibitory postsynaptic potential • prepulse inhibition • positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway • adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation • regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis منابع: آمیگو / کوئیک‌گو
هم‌ساخت‌شناسی
گونه‌ها	انسان	موش
Entrez	135	11540
آنسامبل	ENSG00000128271	ENSMUSG00000020178
یونی‌پروت	P29274	Q60613
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001278497، NM_001278498، NM_001278499، NM_001278500، NR_103543، NR_103544 NM_000675، NM_001278497، NM_001278498، NM_001278499، NM_001278500، NR_103543، NR_103544	XM_006513093، NM_001331095، NM_001331096، XM_030244829، XM_036155515 NM_009630، XM_006513093، NM_001331095، NM_001331096، XM_030244829، XM_036155515
RefSeq (پروتئین)	NP_001265426، NP_001265427، NP_001265428، NP_001265429 NP_000666، NP_001265426، NP_001265427، NP_001265428، NP_001265429	NP_001318025، NP_033760، XP_006513156، XP_030100689، XP_036011408 NP_001318024، NP_001318025، NP_033760، XP_006513156، XP_030100689، XP_036011408
موقعیت (UCSC)	ن/م	Chr : 75.15 – 75.17 Mb
جستجوی PubMed	[۲]	[۳]
ویکی‌داده
مشاهده/ویرایش انسان مشاهده/ویرایش موش

گیرندهٔ آدنوزین A2A (انگلیسی: Adenosine A2A receptor) نوعی گیرنده آدنوزین است که در انسان توسط ژن «ADORA2A» کُدگذاری می‌شود.^[۴][۵]

عملکرد

این پروتئین یکی از اعضای خانوادهٔ گیرنده‌های جفت‌شونده با پروتئین جی (GPCR) است که ۷ مارپیچ آلفا تراغشایی دارند. این پروتئین وظیفه‌اش را با فعال کردنِ آدنیلات سیکلاز و تحریک ساختِ آدنوزین مونوفسفات حلقه‌ای انجام می‌دهد و به میزان فراوانی در عقده‌های قاعده‌ای، دستگاه گردش خون، لنفوسیت‌های تی و پلاکت‌ها یافت می‌شود و یکی از اهداف مولکولیِ اصلیِ کافئین است که آنتاگونیست رقابتی آن محسوب می‌شود.^[۶]

اهمیت فیزیولوژیک و بالینی

گیرنده A_2A به همراه گیرندهٔ A₁ در تنظیم نیازهای اکسیژنی عضلهٔ قلب و افزایش دادن جریان خون سرخرگ‌های کرونری از طریق گشاد کردن آنها نقش دارند. علاوه بر اینها، گیرنده A_2A می‌تواند موجب سرکوب سیستم ایمنی شده و بافت‌های بدن را در برابر التهاب محافظت کند.^[۷]

گیرنده A_2A در مغز هم بیان می‌شود و در آنجا نقش مهمی در تنظیم آزادسازی دوپامین و گلوتامات ایفا می‌کنند و به همین سبب ممکن است از اهداف درمانی بالقوه برای بی‌خوابی، درد، اختلال افسردگی عمده و بیماری پارکینسون باشد.^{[۸][۹][۱۰][۱۱][۱۲][۱۳][۱۴]}

لیگاندها

چندین لیگاند انتخابی برای گیرنده A_2A ساخته شده‌است^[۱۵] که مصارف بالینی گوناگونی را در بر می‌گیرند.^[۱۶] پژوهش‌های پیشین بر روی عملکرد این گیرنده، بیشتر متمرکز بر آنتاگونیست‌های غیر اختصاصی همچون آمینوفیلین و نقش این گیرنده‌ها در قلب انسان بود که سبب شد چندین کارآزمایی تصادفی کنترل‌شده جهت استفاده از این داروها در درمان کندتپشی و ایست قلبی انجام شود.^{[۱۷][۱۸][۱۹][۲۰][۲۱][۲۲][۲۳]}

با این وجود، با ساخت لیگاندهای اختصاصی برای گیرنده A_2A در سال‌های اخیر، مصارف دیگری از آنها مورد توجه واقع شده‌است، به گونه‌ای که امروزه تمرکز پژوهشی فراوانی بر روی استفادهٔ احتمالی از آنتاگونیست‌های A_2A در درمان بیماری پارکینسون وجود دارد.^{[۲۴][۲۵][۲۶][۲۷]}

آگونیست‌ها

• ای‌تی‌ال-۱۴۶ ئی^[۲۸]
• سی جی اس-۲۱۶۸۰^[۲۸]
• یوکی-۴۳۲٬۰۹۷
• لیمونن
• زیاتین
• بینودِنوزون^[۲۸]
• کانابیدیول (سی بی دی)^[۲۹]

آنتاگونیست‌ها

• اس‌سی‌اچ-۴۱۶٬۴۴۲
• کافئین
• اس‌تی-۱۵۳۵^[۳۰]

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• مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Adenosine A2A receptor». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۳ نوامبر ۲۰۲۰.

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پیوند به بیرون

• مکان ژنوم ADORA2A انسانی و صفحهٔ جزئیات ژنی ADORA2A در سامانه جستجوی بانک ژنی دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، سانتا کروز.