اسحاق موصلی

اسحاق موصلی (۱۵۰ق/۷۶۶م، ری*[۱] ‏- ۲۳۵ق/۸۴۹م، بغداد) نامدار به ابن‌ندیم، پسر ابراهیم موصلی و مادری ایرانی به نام شاهک*[۲] و فقیه، محدث، ادیب، شاعر، موسیقی‌دان، خواننده و نوازنده در دوران عباسی است.[۱][۲] در دربار هارون الرشید بود. او در یک خانواده نامدار نوازنده زاده شد. پدرش ابراهیم الموصلی در همان جایگاه پیش از پسرش بود.[۳] همچنین وی آموزگار زریاب بود.

گرچه یکی دو تن از استادان هم‌زمان او در آواز، هم‌ردیف اسحاق بودند ولی هیچ کس مانند او عود نمی‌زد و در این هنر خود را در ردیف پهلبد و وارث او می‌دانست. او نخستین شاعر به عربی است که ترانه‌ها و غزلیات لطیف در معاشقه با زنان را به درجه کمال رسانیده. او ایجادکننده و نوآور گونه جدید نوشتن نغمه و تقسیم و طبقه‌بندی کامل آوازها و پرده‌ها بود. خود او نغمه را با صدای بلند و تیز آغاز می‌کرد، از این رو اسحاق را «مَلسُوع» یعنی مارگزیده و عقرب‌زده لقب دادند.[۴]

آثار

اسحاق را دارای حدود ۴۰ اثر دانسته‌اند:[۱]

  • الاختیار (الاخبار) من الاغانی للواثق الخلیفه (آوازهای برگزیده الواثق خلیفه)
  • الاغانی الکبیر (آوازهای بزرگ): این کتاب را سندی بن علی وراق گردآورده و دیباچه‌ای به نام اسحاق بر آن نهاده و از منابع مهم ابوالفرج اصفهانی در نگارش الاغانی به‌شمار می‌رود.
  • اغانی معبد (آوازهای معبد)
  • اغانیة التی غنی بها
  • النغم و الایقاع (نغمه‌ها و وزن‌ها)
  • الرقص و الزّفن (رقص‌ها)
  • قیان الحجاز (دختران خواننده حجاز)
  • اخبار القیان (خبرهای دختران خواننده)
  • اخبار الندماء (خبرهای ندیمان)
  • اخبار امغنیین المکیین (اخبار رامشیان، ازمکیان)

شاگردان

از شاگردان نامدار او ابن خردادبه، عبیدالله بن احمد، زریاب (علی بن نافع)، عمروبن سلیمان نامدار به ابن بانه و پسرش حمادبن اسحاق بودند. حماد نخستین نویسنده‌ای است که بیان سرگذشت او را به گستردگی در کتابی گردآوری کرده‌است.[۴]

توضیحات

  1. ^  به گفته‌ای در بغداد[۴]
  2. ^  شاهک از مردم ری بود، بعضی مادر اسحاق را «دوشار» گفته‌اند ولی ابوالفرج آن را باطل دانسته و شاهک را مادر اسحاق یاد نموده است.[۱]

پانویس

  1. ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ ۱٫۲ مهدی ستایشگر (۱۳۷۶نام نامهٔ موسیقی ایران زمین جلد سوّم، تهران: اطلاعات، ص. ص۵۲۵، شابک ۹۶۴-۴۲۳-۳۷۷-۸
  2. Isḥāq al-Mawṣilī." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 23 Sep. 2011. [1]. "Among the finest artists of the period were Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī and his son Isḥāq. Members of a noble Persian family, they were chief court musicians and close companions of the caliphs Hārūn al-Rashīd and al-Maʾmūn."
  3. Isḥāq al-Mawṣilī (به انگلیسی), Encyclopædia Britannica Online, retrieved 23 September 2011
  4. ۴٫۰ ۴٫۱ ۴٫۲ ابوالفرج اصفهانی (۱۳۶۸برگزیده الاغانی (جلد اول)، به کوشش ترجمه، تلخیص و شرح: محمد حسین مشایخ فریدونی.، شرکت انتشارات علمی فرهنگی، ص. ص۵۷۵

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