مغالطه تقسیم

مغالطه تقسیم یا (به انگلیسی: Fallacy of division) یک مغالطه منطقی غیر صوری است که باعث ایجاد مشکل در اندیشه فردی می‌شود و فرد را دچار خطای استدلالی می‌کند؛ بدین گونه که شناسه‌ها و ویژگی‌های یک مجموعه یا گروه را بدون هیچ بررسی به تک تک بخش‌ها یا افراد آن دسته نسبت دهیم و بر این اساس استدلال ورزی نماییم؛ بی گمان مواردی را هم می‌توان یافت که مغالطه تقسیم در آن‌ها موجود نباشد و اتفاقاً بتوان تمامی شناسه‌های مجموعه را به همه بخش‌های آن پیوند داد.[۱]

الگوی منطقی:

A بخشی از B است.

B دارای ویژگی X است.

بنابراین A دارای ویژگی X است.

نمونه‌ها

نمونه ۱:

این ماشین از فلز تشکیل شده است.

پس چرخ های آن هم از فلز تشکیل شده‌اند.

نمونه ۲:

شنیدم که خانواده پیتر خوب است.

پس پسر پیتر هم پسر خوبی است.

منابع

  1. "Fallacy of division". Wikipedia (به انگلیسی). 2021-05-21.

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