زغال‌ددان

زغال‌ددان
محدودهٔ زمانی: Middle Eocene تا Late Pliocene
آنتراکوتریوم
رده‌بندی علمی
فرمانرو: جانوران
شاخه: طنابداران
رده: پستانداران
راسته: جفت‌سم‌سانان
تیره: †Anthracotheriidae
لیدی، ۱۸۶۹
زیرخانواده‌ها و سرده‌ها

متن را ببینید.

زغال‌ددان (نام علمی: Anthracotheriidae) تیره‌ای از پستانداران منقرض شدهٔ عضو راستهٔ جفت‌سم‌سانان بودند که شباهت ظاهری به اسب آبی‌های کنونی داشتند و خویشاوند آن‌ها و آب‌بازسانان به شمار می‌روند. قدیمی‌ترین سرده‌ای این خانواده، Elomeryx نام دارد که در ائوسن میانی در آسیا پدیدار شد. آن‌ها در آفریقا و اوراسیا رشد یافتند و تعداد اندکی از ایشان در دوره اولیگوسن به آمریکای شمالی نیز مهاجرت کردند. در دوره میوسن، زغال‌ددان ها در اروپا و آفریقا منقرض شدند که دلیل آن به گمانی تغییرات اقلیمی و رقابت با دیگر جفت‌سم‌هایی چون خوکها و اسبان آبی راستین بود. واپسین زغال‌ددها در دوره پلستوسن از میان رفتند.[۱]

نام این تیره از نام گونهٔ معروف آن، آنتراکوتریوم به معنای «دَد و هیولای زغالی» گرفته شده است؛ چرا که نخستین سنگواره های آن‌ها در بسترهای زغالی مربوط به دوره پالئوژن در فرانسه به دست آمدند.

رده‌بندی

زغال‌ددان دارای دو زیرخانواده و چندین سرده بودند:

Anthracotheriinae

Bothriodontinae

منابع

  1. Anthracotheriidae (به انگلیسی), Paleobiology Database, archived from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 28 October 2013

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