Yagan

Yagan

Yaganak (Hornosko lurmuturra), 1883
Biztanleak guztira
600 Txilen (2017ko zentsoaren arabera)
Biztanleria nabarmena duten eskualdeak
Hizkuntza
Yagan hizkuntza
Erlijioa
Zerikusia duten beste giza taldeak
Kawésqar, Chono
Patagoniako hegoaldeko muturrean yaganen kokapena erakusten duen mapa.

Yagán, yagan, jagan edo yámana, Suaren Lurraldeko uhartediko herri indigena bat da, Txile eta Argentinan. Bere bizimodu tradizionala nomada zen, kanoetan mugitzen ziren; ehiza, bilketa eta arrantzan aritzen ziren. Bere aurrekoek, 6.000 urte ingurutik, Beagle kanalaren hegoaldean dauden uharte eta kanalak zeharkatzen zituzten, Hornos lurmuturreraino. Beagle kanalaren mendebaldean dauden kanaletara ere joaten ziren, kawésqarren lurraldea, Magdalena eta Cockburn kanaletaraino iritsiz, sua pizten zuten burdinazko piritaren bila.

Yaganen egungo ondorengoek komunitate bat osatzen dute Villa Ukikan, Puerto Williamsetik gertu, Navarino uhartean (Txile). Ushuaian (Argentina) 2014ko azaroaren 25ean Yagan Paiakoala komunitate indigena eratu zen. Punta Arenasen (Txile) bizi da Yagan Lom Sapakuta komunitatea, 2015eko otsailaren 14an eratua.

Jatorria

Historia

Aurrekariak

Aintzatespen-bidaiak eta batzorde hidrografikoak

Yagan familia kanoa batean.

Baleazaleak eta Otsozaleak

Jemmy Button, HMS Beagle espedizioak bahitutako yagana 1830ean, hura "zibilizatzeko" asmoz.

Misiolariak

Neska yagana.
Yagan emakumeak.

Lurraldea

Txileko jatorrizko herriak

Hizkuntza

Jagan hizkuntzaren azken hiztuna zena, Cristina Calderón, 2022an hil zen 93 urterrekin. Lidia González Calderón alabak jakinarazi zuen. Txileko Biltzar Konstituziogileko kide zen, eta hizkuntza hori berreskuratzeko deia egin zuen.[1][2]

Txileko Kultura eta Arteen Kultura Kontseiluak 'bizi den ondare' izendatu zuen Calderón andrea 2009an. 1928an jaio zen, Villa Ukikan, Puerto Williamsetik gertu, eta han bizi izan zen beti; saskigile izan zen. Berak 9 urte izan zituen arte ez zuen ikasi gaztelania, baina Txileko agintariek ia desagertzeraino eraman zuten hizkuntza XX. mendean, eta transmisioa eten egin zen.[1]

Kultura

Jantziak

Elikadura

Kanoak edo anan

Yagan kanoaren erreplika, Vicuña (Txile) hiriko Gabriela Mistral museoan ikusgai.
Magallaesen gindo edo coigüe bat, zeinaren azalarekin yagandarrek kanoak eraikitzen zituzten.

Tresnak

Arpoi puntak ( La Platako Museoa ).

Sinismenak

Sendatzaileak eta hileta

Arkeologia

Ushuaiako Yámana Museoa.

Behartutako giza exhibizionismoa

Gizarte antolaketa

Erreferentziak

Erabilitako bibliografia

Kanpo estekak

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