Musikagile

Musikagilea, konpositorea edo musika-ontzailea musika konposatzen duen pertsona bat da, hau da, musika sortzen duena. Musika hori kanta bat baldin bada, kantagilea edo abestigilea ere esaten zaio (kantagile guztiak dira musikagile, baina musikagile guztiak ez dira kantagile).

Musikagilearen eta beste musikari moten arteko ezberdintasunak aldatu egiten dira garai batetik bestera eta toki batetik bestera, eta horrek eragin egiten die egile eskubideei eta musika pieza zehatz baten bakarkako interpretazioei. Adibidez, musika klasikoan, hasiera baten behintzat, konposatzeak ez zuen jotzeak bezainbesteko garrantzirik. Bakarkako konposaketak mantentzea ez zitzaien askorik axola, eta, musikariek, orohar, ez zuten arazorik izaten euren konposaketak aldatzeko, jotzeko orduan. Denbora igaro ahala, baina, musikagilearen idatzizko notazioak oso jarraibide zorrotzak eman ditu; eta jotzaileek, hala ez egiteko arrazoi onen bat tartean ez badute, nahitaez jarraitu behar diete jarraibide horiei. Beste alde batetik, irizpide hori oso garbizaletzat jo daiteke. Dena dela, musikagilearen papera geroz eta garrantzitsuagoa egiten hasi zen, jotzailetzat zuen ospeari loturik oro har: klasizismo garaian, geroz eta garrantzi handiagoa hartzen joan zen. Erromantizismoarekin, musikagilea pertsonaia ia mitiko —ia guru bat— bihurtu zen. Adibiderik nabarmenena, Ludwig van Beethoven da.

Konpositore, zentzu hertsian, Mendebaldeko tradizioko musika klasikoa ondu duenari deritzo, baita zinemako musikaren, bideo-jokoetako musikaren eta konposaketa aldetik seriotzat jo daitekeen beste musika baten sortzaileari ere. Musika herrikoian, musikagilea, berak sortutako kantuen interprete ere bada, eta, kasu horretan, egile abeslari esaten zaio, edo, beste batzuetan, musikari soilik.

Aipamenak

  • «Musikagile batentzako lehen betebeharra, hilda egotea da.» (Arthur Honegger, Je suis compositeur, 1951)
  • «Ahanzturaren bila dabilen musikagile bat naiz; beti sentitzen naiz konposatzen dudala onartzeaz apur bat lotsaturik.» (Alexander Borodin, Lydia Karmalinarentzako gutuna)
  • «Egungo musikagileak, egian oinarrituta egiten ditu bere lanak.» (Claudio Monteverdi, Madrigalen bosgarren liburua, 1605, «Hitzaurrea»)
  • «Baliteke lehen mailako musikagilea ez izatea, baina, bigarren mailakoen artean, lehen mailakoa naiz!» (Richard Strauss, Del Mar, Richard Straussen aipatua 1962)
  • «Egunen batean, erlaxatu ahal izango naiz pixka bat, eta musikagile on bat izaten saiatuko naiz.» (Benjamin Britten, Imogen Holstentzako gutuna 1968)
  • «Gozamena ez dago gauzetan, geugan baizik.» (Richard Wagner)

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