Hautapenaren axioma

Hautapenaren axiomaren adibidea.

Multzoen teorian, hautapen-axioma (edo hautespen-axioma) axioma bat da postulatzen duena familia indexatu ez-huts bakoitzeko elementu bat duen beste multzo bat dagoela. Modu informalean dio kaxen barruan objektuak dituen kaxa-bilduma bat emanda, kaxa bakoitzeko objektu bat aukera daitekeela. Prozedura hori, funtsean, egia da, baldin eta familia hori mugatua bada, edo familia horretako multzo bakoitzeko elementu bakar bat «aukeratzea» ahalbidetzen duen arau zehatz bat badago. Hala ere, axioma ezinbestekoa da familia infinitu arbitrario baten kasurik orokorrenean.

Ernst Zermelok formulatu zuen 1904an, multzo guztiak ondo ordenatuta egon daitezkeela frogatzeko.[1] Hasiera batean eztabaidagarria izan bazen ere, gaur egun erreserbarik gabe erabiltzen dute matematikari gehienek. Hala ere, multzoen teorian bereziki, axioma baztertzen duten edo harekin bat ez datozen axiomen ondorioak ikertzen dituzten iritzi-korronteak daude.

Enuntziatua

Hautapen-funtzio bat funtzio bat da, non bere domeinua hutsik ez dauden multzoen familia bat baita, non, ren barruko edozein multzotarako, ren elementu bat baita. Definizio horren bidez, honela adieraz dezakegu hautaketaren axioma:

Hautapen-axioma ere antzeko moduan enuntziatzen da, non "hautaketa-funtzio" hitzaren esanahia zertxobait aldatzen baita:

Honako enuntziatuak ekibalenteak dira:[2]

  • F multzo familia ez-huts guztiek hautapen funtzio bat dute.
  • F multzo familia ez-huts guztientzat, euren kartesiar produktua ez da hutsa.

Aitzitik, hautapen-axioma ukatzeak dio multzo-familia batek —ez hutsik— ez duela inolako hautaketa-funtziorik.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Alemanez) Zermelo, E.. (1904-12-01). «Beweis, daß jede Menge wohlgeordnet werden kann» Mathematische Annalen 59 (4): 514–516.  doi:10.1007/BF01445300. ISSN 1432-1807. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-12-09).
  2. Ekibalentzia hauetarako, ikus Jech, 1973, §2, eta Herrlich, 2006, §1 y §2. beste hainbat ekibalentzia aurki daitezkeRubin eta Rubin, 1985 lanean..

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