Victoria järv

Victoria järv
Victoria järve satelliidipilt
Valgla maad Rwanda, Burundi, Keenia, Tansaania, Uganda
Sissevool Kagera jõgi
Väljavool Victoria Niilus
Valgla suurus 184 000 km²
Pindala 68 800 km²
Pikkus 337 km
Laius 240 km
Keskmine sügavus 40 m
Suurim sügavus 84 m
Maht 2750 km³
Koordinaadid 1° S, 33° E
Victoria järv (Aafrika)
Victoria järv

Victoria järv (ganda keeles Nalubaale, ruanda keeles Nyanza) on järv Aafrika idaosas Ida-Aafrika riftivööndis. See on suuruselt teine mageveeline järv maailmas. Järv asub merepinnast 1134 meetri kõrgusel, kaldajoone pikkus on 3440 km.

Järvele nimetas 1858. aastal nii Niiluse lähte otsija John Hanning Speke kuninganna Victoria auks.

Victoria järves on palju saari. Välja voolab Victoria Niilus, mis on Niiluse jõe üks algharu. Victoria valgla pindala on 184 000 km².

Järve veetaset reguleeritakse 1954. aastal ehitatud tammiga. Nii vee reguleerimine kui ka introdutseeritud võõrliigid on järve ökosüsteemile väga halvasti mõjunud. Paljud kunagi Victoria järves elanud endeemsed liigid on välja surnud. Võõrliikidest on kõige suuremaid probleeme tekitanud harilik vesihüatsint, mida peetakse üheks maailma kõige raskemini tõrjutavaks veeumbrohuks. Ka sissetoodud niiluse ahven on põhjustanud sadade kalaliikide väljasuremise.

2002. aastal valmis Ugandas Victoria Niilusel asuv hüdroelektrijaam, mille tagajärjel langes vee tase järves viimase 80 aasta madalaimale tasemele. [1]

Järve kallas on väga tihedalt asustatud. Suuremad järve ääres asuvad linnad on Mwanza, Musoma ja Bukoba Tansaanias, Kampala ja Entebbe Ugandas ning Kisumu Keenias.

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