Tšuktši meri

Tšuktši meri Põhja-Jäämeres

Tšuktši meri (vene keeles Чукотское море, inglise keeles Chukchi Sea) on Põhja-Jäämere ääremeri.

Tšuktši meri piirneb läänes Wrangeli saarega, edelas Tšuktši poolsaarega ja kagus Alaskaga. Lõunas on ta Beringi väina kaudu ühenduses Vaikses ookeanis asuva Beringi merega, läänes Longi väina kaudu Ida-Siberi merega. Tšuktši ja Beauforti mere piiriks on Barrow' neeme läbiv meridiaan. Mere Aasia rannik kuulub Venemaale, Põhja-Ameerika rannik USA-le.

Mere pindala on 589 600 km², keskmine sügavus 40–60 meetrit ja suurim sügavus 160 meetrit. Veetemperatuur on suvel 4–12 °C, talvel –1,6...–1,8 °C. Meri külmub talvel kinni, suvel on lõunaosa jäävaba. Looded on nõrgad.

Meres on vähe saari. Wrangeli saar on suur, ülejäänud tillukesed.

Merre suubub ka vähe jõgesid ja needki on lühikesed. Suurimad neist on Amguema Tšukotkal ning Kuk, Utukok, Kokolik, Noatak ja Kobuk Alaskal.

Viimasel jääajal oli suur osa maailma veest külmunud liustikesse ja mandrijäässe ning maailmamere tase 100–120 meetrit tänapäevasest madalam. Tšuktši meri oli ära kuivanud ning Aasia ja Põhja-Ameerika maismaaühenduses. Seda maismaasilda nimetatakse Beringiaks ning selle kaudu pääsesid ürginimesed Põhja-Ameerikasse. Põhja-Ameerika asustati mitme lainena.

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