Türklane Itaalias

"Türklane Itaalias" (originaalis itaalia keeles "Il turco in Italia") on Gioachino Rossini koomiline ooper (dramma buffo) kahes vaatuses Felice Romani libretole Caterino Mazzola poolt Franz Seydelmannile kirjutatud libreto "Il turco in Italia" (1788) järgi. Esmaettekanne toimus 14. augustil 1814 Milano Teatro alla Scalas.

Väidetavalt Mozarti "Così fan tutte" mõjutustega teos, mida esitati Milano teatris veidi enne Rossini ooperi esietendust. Seetõttu võeti 22-aastase helilooja uus teos külmalt vastu. Kriitikud väitsid ka, et see koomiline ooper jääb aasta varem esietendunud Rossini eelmise ooperi “Itaallanna Alžiiris” (L'italiana in Algeri) varju. Tagasihoidliku vastuvõtu põhjuseks arvati olevat ka, et tollal domineerinud Türgi-teemalised (alla turca või turcheria) teosed olid publiku ära tüüdanud. Seitse aastat hiljem (1821) esitas Milano teater selle ooperi uues lavastuses. Nüüd tundus teos publikule ja kriitikutele oma lustliku faabula ja meeldiva muusika poolest olevat väga meelepärane. Seejärel võeti ooper paljude teatrite repertuaari. Londonis esitati 19. mail 1822 ja New Yorgis märtsis 1826. Püsis paar aastakümmet maailma teatrite püsirepertuaaris, kuid langes siis pikaks ajaks unustusse. 1950. aastal esitas teose Rooma Teatro Eliseo Maria Callasega donna Fiorilla rollis. Noor Franco Zeffirelli ooperi lavastas 1954. aastal ooperi La Scalas, Maria Callas taas peaosas. Seejärel on ooper sageli olnud paljudes teatrites ettekandmisel, kuid pole Rossini soositumate teoste hulgas. Eestis on lavastatud RAT Estonias (dirigent Neeme Järvi, lavastaja Paul Mägi, 1971) ja Pärnus Endla Teatris koostöös Kaunase Riikliku Muusikateatriga festivali PromFest raames (dirigent Erki Pehk, lavastaja Andrus Vaarik, 2021).

Rollide loojad

Francesca Maffei-Festa (donna Fiorilla), Adelaide Carpano (Zaida), Luigi Pacini (don Geronio), Pietro Vasoli (Prosdocimo), Filippo Galli (Selim), Giovanni David (don Narciso), Luigi Pacini (don Geronio). Dirigeeris Alessandro Rolla.

Peamised osad

donna Fiorilla (sopran), mustlastüdruk Zaida (metsosopran), poeet Prosdocimo (bass), prints Selim (bass), ooperitenor don Narciso (tenor), aadlik don Geronio (bass), türklane Al­bazar (tenor).

Faabula

Tegevus toimub 19. sajandi alguses Napoli lähistel. Poeet Prosdocimo otsib teemat koomilise ooperi kirjutamiseks. Ta otsustab teose faabula siduda mustlastega, mis on küll banaalne, kuid mustlased toovad alati kaasa sekeldusi ja intriige, mis annaks ooperile värvi. Mustlastüdruk Zaida räägib poeedile oma luhtunud armastusloo. Poeet soovitab mustlastel don Geroniole ennustustega selgeks teha, et ta on sarvekandja. Linna on saabunud Türgi prints Selim, kes on armunud don Geronio naisesse donna Fiorillasse. Viimane pole samuti printsi suhtes ükskõikne, sest ta on oma mehest, senistest majasõpradest ja austajatest tüdinud. Poeet pidi aga napilt saama nahatäie, kuna armukadedad don Geronio ja don Narciso pole eriti huvitatud häbiväärsel kombel ooperisse sattuma. Don Geronio ja tema ooperitenorist majasõber don Narciso, kellele ka donna Fiorilla meeldib, on türklasele armukadedad. Don Geronio püüab oma kergemeelset abikaasat kombelisemaks kasvatada, kuid ilma eduta. Kokku satuvad ka Selim ja Zaida. Selim avastab Zaidas oma kunagise abikaasa. Türklane on nüüd oma kirgliku armastusega seotud kahe konkureeriva naisega. Naised lähevad Selimi pärast peaaegu kaklema. Selim omakorda tahab donna Fiorillat don Geroniolt ära osta. Donna Fiorilla paneb Selimi otsustama, kumma ta valib. Selim hiilib vastusest kõrvale, kuid kavatseb Fiorilla röövida. Donna Fiorilla ei taha koos Selimiga põgeneda ja otsustab jääda oma mehe juurde. Ta nõuab don Geroniolt “vastutasuks”, et võib lähedaseks austajaks pidada ka don Narcisot. Türklasel ei jää üle muud kui lahkuda. Selim ja Zaida asuvad merereisile Türgi poole. Donna Fiorilla naaseb kodulinna. Don Geronio saab naise tagasi ja annab talle kõrvalehüpped andeks. Leppimine on hellitav. Mõlemad paarid on taas koos ja Prosdocimo rõõmustab ooperi õnneliku faabulaga lõpu üle.

Peamised muusikanumbrid

  • donna Fiorilla kavatiin „Non si dá follia maggiore” ja aaria „Squallida veste e bruna”;
  • Selimi aaria „Bella Italia, alfin ti miro”;
  • don Geronio ja Fiorilla duett „Per piacere alla signora”;
  • don Narciso romanss „Perché mai ses on tradito”;
  • ansamblid „Ah! che il cor non m’ingannava” ja „Rida a voi sereno il cielo”;
  • Selimi ja don Geronio duett „D’un bell’uso di Turchia”;
  • Selimi ja Fiorilla duett „Credete alle femmine”;
  • don Geronio, don Narciso, Zaida, Selimi ja Fiorilla kvintett „Oh! guardate che accidente!”.

Allikad

  • Osborne, Charles. The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, Portland, Oregon, 1994.
  • Made, Tiit. Ooperimaailm, II köide, Tallinn, 2012.

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