Proteus (kuu)

Proteus
Kosmosesondi Voyager 2 foto Proteusest (1989)
Kosmosesondi Voyager 2 foto Proteusest (1989)
Avastamine
Avastajad Voyager 2
Stephen P. Synnott
Avastamise aeg 16. juuni 1989
Nimetamine
Teised nimed Neptuun VIII
Orbiidi iseloomustus
Periapsiid 117 584 ± 10 km
Apoapsiid 117 709 ± 10 km
Orbiidi pikem pooltelg 117 647±1 km
Ekstsentrilisus 0,00053±0,00009
Tiirlemisperiood 1,12231477±0,0000000d
Keskmine orbiidil liikumise kiirus 7,623 km/s
Orbiidi kalle 0,524° (Neptuuni ekvaatori suhtes)
0,026°±0,007° (kohaliku Laplace'i tasandi suhtes)
Emaplaneet Neptuun
Füüsikaline iseloomustus
Mõõtmed 424 × 390 × 396 km[1]
Keskmine raadius 210±7 km[2]
Keskmine diameeter umbes 420 km
Ruumala 3,40,4×107 km³[1]
Mass 4,4×1019 kg
Keskmine tihedus umbes 1,3 g/cm³ (hinnanguliselt)[2]
Raskuskiirendus 0,07 m/s²
Paokiirus 0,17 km/s
Telje kalle Null[1]
Albeedo 0,096[2][3]
Näiv tähesuurus 19,7[2]
Pinna temperatuur
… keskmine

umbes  51 K

Proteus, tuntud ka kui Neptuun VIII, on suuruselt teine Neptuuni kaaslane.

Selle avastas 1989. aastal NASA kosmosesond Voyager 2. Taevakeha on nime saanud Kreeka mütoloogiast pärit vetejumala Proteuse järgi.

Avastamine

Proteus avastati kosmosesondi Voyager 2 tehtud fotode põhjal 1989. aasta 16. juuni paiku,[4][5] kaks kuud enne Voyageri plaanitud möödumist Neptuunist. 7. juulil 1989 teatasid avastuse teinud USA astronoomid Stephen P. Synnott ja Bradford A. Smith leiust avalikkusele.[5]

Avastatud kuule anti ajutine tähistus S/1989 N 1.[6] 16. septembril 1991 nimetati S/1989 N 1 ümber Proteuseks.[7]

Proteust ei olnud võimalik avastada Maal asuvate teleskoopidega, kuna ta asub Neptuunile nii lähedal, et Neptuunilt tagasipeegelduv helkiv päikesevalgus varjab ta ära.[6]

Füüsikaline iseloomustus

Proteus on Neptuuni suuruselt teine kuu. Selle läbimõõt umbes 420 km.

Proteuse pind on ülimalt kraatriline.[6] Pharos, suurim Proteuse kraater, on 230–260 kilomeetrise läbimõõduga[8] ja umbes 10–15 kilomeetrit sügav.[1] Pharos on ainus Proteusel asuv nimega pinnavorm ja selle nimi on pandud Pharose tuletorni järgi.[9] Peale Pharose on Proteusel veel mitmeid 50–100 kilomeetrise läbimõõduga kraatreid ja veelgi rohkem alla 50 kilomeetrise läbimõõduga kraatreid.[1]

Galerii

Viited

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Stooke, Philip J. (1994). "The surfaces of Larissa and Proteus". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 65 (1): 31–54. Bibcode:1994EM&P...65...31S. DOI:10.1007/BF00572198.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL (Solar System Dynamics). 18. oktoober 2010. Vaadatud 11. oktoober 2011.
  3. Karkoschka, Erich (2003). "Sizes, shapes, and albedos of the inner satellites of Neptune". Icarus. 162 (2): 400–407. Bibcode:2003Icar..162..400K. DOI:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00002-2.
  4. Hamilton, Thomas Wm (29. aprill 2013). Moons of the Solar System. Strategic Book Publishing & Rights Agency, LLC. lk 59. Vaadatud 14. aprill 2017
  5. 5,0 5,1 Green, Daniel W. E. (7. juuli 1989). "1989 N 1". IAU Circular. 4806. Vaadatud 24. oktoober 2011.
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Banfield, D.; Barnet, C.; Basilevsky, A. T.; Beebe, R. F.; Bollinger, K.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A. (1989). "Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging Science Results". Science. 246 (4936): 1422–1449. Bibcode:1989Sci...246.1422S. DOI:10.1126/science.246.4936.1422. PMID 17755997.
  7. Marsden, Brian G. (16. september 1991). "Satellites of Saturn and Neptune". IAU Circular. 5347. Vaadatud 24. oktoober 2011.
  8. Croft, S. (1992). "Proteus: Geology, shape, and catastrophic destruction". Icarus. 99 (2): 402–408. Bibcode:1992Icar...99..402C. DOI:10.1016/0019-1035(92)90156-2.
  9. "Proteus: Pharos". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology. Vaadatud 4. juuni 2010.

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