Ebolavirus

Ebolavirus
Ebolavirus elektronmikroskoobiga
Ebolavirus elektronmikroskoobiga
Taksonoomia
Riik Viirused Virus
Selts Mononegavirales
Sugukond Filoviirused Filoviridae
Perekond Ebolavirus

Ebolavirus (lühend EBOV) on viiruseperekond.

Klassifikatsioon

Perekonda liigitatakse järgmised viiruseliigid[1]:

  • Zaire Ebola viirus (ZEBOV; ka EBOV)
  • Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV) – Tai metsa ebola viirus (varem Elevandiluuranniku ebola viirus)
  • Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV) – Sudaani ebola viirus
  • Reston ebolavirus (REBOV) – Restoni ebola viirus
  • Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BEBOV) – Bundibugyo ebola viirus.

Kirjeldus

 Pikemalt artiklis RNA-viirused
  • Miinusahelaline RNA-viirus – (-)ssRNA
  • viirusel on 7 geeni
  • virioon: 970 nm pikkune, kiudjas, diameeter 60–80 nm
  • lipiidkestaga.

Nakkavus

Väljaspool organismi on viiruseliigid tavatemperatuuridel nakkusohtlikud mitmeid päevi, –70 °C on viiruseosakesed üsna stabiilsed.

Nakatumisvõime väheneb ultraviolettkiirguse ja gammakiirguse toimel.

Rakukultuurides on ebolaviirused võimelised nakatama mitmete imetajate rakke, kuid ei ole paljunemisvõimelised (katsete alusel) lindude, roomajate, kahepaiksete ja lülijalgsete rakkudes.[2]

Patoloogia

 Pikemalt artiklis Ebola viirushaigus

Perekonda liigitatud viirused (va Reston) võivad inimestel tekitada hemorraagilist viiruspalavikku.[3]

Bioloogilise relvana

Laboratooriumides töödeldavad Ebola viiruse tüved on klassifitseeritud bioloogiliste relvade 4. kategooriasse.

Hiirte katse viirusena

USA 4. kategooria turvalaboris läbi viidud katsed, mille käigus nakatati hiiri spetsiaalselt hiirte tarbeks muundatud Ebola viiruse tüvega, võivad indikeerida geenide osalust Ebola viirusnakkuse ja hiirekeha elundisüsteemide võimes viiruseosakeste liikumisele vastu panna – letaalse lõppega nakkuse korral on Ebola viiruse osakestel tendents (kalduvus, soodumus) aktiveerida geene, mis soodustavad veresoonte põletikku ja rakkude surma, tervenenud hiirtel aga oli geenikombinatsioon, uurijate arvates, soodne ja viiruseosakesed aktiveerisid geene, mis kontrollivad veresoonte reparatsiooni ja nakkuse levikule ebasoodsat toimet avaldavate immuunrakkude tootmist.[4]

Viited

  1. ↑ Filoviirused, Veebiversioon (vaadatud 24.03.2014)
  2. ↑ Alfred S. Evans, Richard A. Kaslow, Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control, 4.trükk, lk 141, 1997, Plenum Publishing Corporation, Google'i raamatu veebiversioon (vaadatud 04.09.2014)) (inglise keeles)
  3. ↑ Allison Groseth, Andrea Marzi, Thomas Hoenen, Astrid Herwig, Don Gardner, Stephan Becker, Hideki Ebihara, Heinz Feldmann, The Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Contributes to but Is Not Sufficient for Virulence In Vivo, 2. August, 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002847, veebiversioon (vaadatud 09.08.2014) (inglise keeles)
  4. ↑ Catharine Paddock (31. oktoober 2014). "Surviving or dying from Ebola may be partly down to genes". Medical News Today (inglise). Vaadatud 25.12.2014.

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