Al-Ḩijāz

Al-Ḩijāzi asend Saudi Araabia lääneosas

Al-Ḩijāz (eesti keeles varem ka Hidžaz; araabia الحجاز‎ 'tõke') on piirkond tänapäeva Saudi Araabia lääneosas. Läänes piirneb see Punase merega ning ulatub Haqlist Al-‘Aqabah' lahe ääres Jizanini. Peamine linn on Jiddah, kuid tuntumad islami pühad linnad on Meka ja Mediina. Islami pühapaikade asukohana on Al-Ḩijāzil tähtis roll araabia ja islami ajaloos ning kultuuris. Piirkonna nimi tuleneb sellest, et see lahutab Najdi idas Tihamah'st läänes.

Al-Ḩijāzi põhjaosa kuulus Rooma riigi Arabia Petraea provintsi. Hiljem oli Al-Ḩijāz Kalifaadi keskus, kuni selle pealinn koliti Damaskusse. Enamiku hilisemast ajaloost oli piirkond kohalike suurvõimude mõju all nagu Egiptus ja Otomani impeerium, kuni 20. sajandi alguses järgnes lühike iseseisvusaeg. 1916, kui Al-Ḩijāz kuulus veel Otomani võimu alla, kuulutas seriif Ḩusayn ibn ‘Alī Al-Ḩijāzi Husseini ja McMahoni kirjavahetuse ajel iseseisvaks. 1924 haaras ibn Alilt võimu naaberala Najdi valitseja Ibn Saud. Liidetud alast sai algul Hidžazi ja Najdi kuningriik ning hiljem Saudi Araabia kuningriik.

Tänu kahele pühale linnale on Al-Ḩijāz kuulunud mitmele impeeriumile. 632–661 valitsesid seda Rašiidi dünastia kaliifid, 661–750 Umaijaadid, 7501258 Abbassiidid, 967–1094 Fatimiidid, 1094–1254 Aijubiidid, 1254–1517 Mamelukid, 1517–1916 Otomani impeerium, 1916–25 Hidžazi kuningriik ning 1925. aastast kuulub ala Saudi Araabia alla.

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