Monóxido de cloro

 
Monóxido de cloro

Nombre IUPAC
Monóxido de cloro
General
Otros nombres Clorooxidanilo, Óxido de cloro(II)
Fórmula estructural Imagen de la estructura
Fórmula molecular ClO
Identificadores
Número CAS 14989-30-1[1]
ChEBI 29314
ChemSpider 145843
PubChem 166686
UNII 0EQ5I4TK19
Propiedades físicas
Masa molar 50,963767 g/mol
Termoquímica
ΔfH0gas 101,8[2]​ kJ/mol

El monóxido de cloro es un compuesto químico radical cuya fórmula es ClO. Desempeña un papel importante en la reducción de la capa de ozono (agujero). En la estratosfera, los átomos de cloro reaccionan con las moléculas de ozono para formar monóxido de cloro y oxígeno.

Cl + O3 → ClO + O2

Esta reacción reduce la capa de ozono.[3]​ Los radicales ClO que se forman pueden seguir reaccionando:

ClO + O → Cl + O2

Y regeneran el radical cloro. De esta forma, la reacción global para la destrucción del ozono se cataliza por medio del cloro, ya que finalmente el cloro no sufre ningún cambio. La reacción global es:

O + O3 → 2 O2

El uso de CFC ha tenido un impacto significativo en la parte superior de la estratosfera, aunque muchos países han acordado prohibir su uso. La no reactividad de los CFC les permite pasar a la estratosfera, donde se someten a una fotodisociación para formar radicales de Cl. A continuación, estos radicales forman el monóxido de cloro, y este proceso puede continuar hasta que dos radicales reaccionan y forman el monóxido de dicloro, con lo que finaliza la reacción radical. Como la concentración de CFC en la atmósfera es muy baja, la probabilidad de que se produzca una reacción final es extremadamente baja, lo que significa que cada radical es capaz de destruir miles de moléculas de ozono.

Aunque el uso de CFC se ha prohibido en muchos países, los CFC se pueden mantener en la atmósfera durante un período de 50 a 500 años. Esto hace que se produzcan muchos radicales de cloro y, por tanto, que se desintegren una cantidad importante de moléculas de ozono antes de que los radicales de cloro puedan reaccionar con el monóxido de cloro y formar monóxido de dicloro.

Referencias

  1. Número CAS
  2. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2001). Inorganic Chemistry (en inglés). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9. Consultado el 5 de abril de 2023. 
  3. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2001). Inorganic Chemistry (en inglés). Academic Press. p. 462. ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9. Consultado el 5 de abril de 2023. 

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