Enlace de cuatro centros y dos electrones

Un enlace de cuatro centros y dos electrones (4c-2e) es un tipo de enlace químico en el que cuatro átomos comparten dos electrones en el enlace, lo que es inusual porque, en los enlaces químicos ordinarios, dos átomos comparten dos electrones (enlace 2c-2e). Se postula que este tipo de enlace está presente en ciertos clúster. Por ejemplo, el anión borano B6H7- es un cluster octaédrico, donde un catión de hidrógeno adicional está unido a una de las caras triangulares.[1]​ Como resultado, el octaedro está distorsionado y puede identificarse un anillo romboide BBHH en el que tiene lugar un enlace 4c-2e. Este tipo de enlace está asociado en general con anillos romboides deficientes en electrones[2]​ y es un campo de investigación relativamente nuevo, encajando con los ya bien establecidos enlace de tres centros y dos electrones y enlace de tres centros y cuatro electrones.

Un ejemplo de compuesto puramente orgánico con enlace de cuatro centros y dos electrones es el dicatión adamantilo.[3]

Referencias

  1. A new 4c–2e bond in B6H7– Kathrin Hofmann, Marc H. Prosenc and Barbara R. Albert Chem. Commun., 2007, 3097 - 3099, doi 10.1039/b704944g
  2. Electron-Deficient Bonding in Rhomboid Rings, Musiri M. Balakrishnarajan y Roald Hoffmann J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004; 126(40) pp 13119 - 13131; (Article) DOI: 10.1021/ja0467420
  3. Matthias Bremer, Paul von Ragué Schleyer, Karl Schötz, Michael Kausch, Michael Schindler Four-Center Two-Electron Bonding in a Tetrahedral Topology. Experimental Realization of Three-Dimensional Homoaromaticity in the 1,3-Dehydro-5,7-adamantanediyl Dication. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1987, 26, 761-763. doi 10.1002/anie.198707611

Read other articles:

2018 Rally Sweden66. Rally SwedenRound 2 of 13 in the 2018 World Rally Championship← Previous eventNext event →Thierry Neuville and Nicolas Gilsoul on the podium with Hyundai.Host country Sweden /  NorwayRally base Torsby, VärmlandDates run15 – 18 February 2018Start locationKarlstad trotting track, KarlstadFinish locationTorsby, VärmlandStages19 (314.25 km; 195.27 miles)Stage surfaceGravel and snowTransport distance1,086.28 km (674.98 miles)...

 

Pleasure in inflicting suffering For other uses, see Cruelty (disambiguation). Cruel redirects here. For other meanings, see Cruel (disambiguation). An old poster depicting cruelty, including selling slaves in Algiers, execution, burning, and other cruelties. Cruelty is the pleasure in inflicting suffering or the inaction towards another's suffering when a clear remedy is readily available.[1] Sadism can also be related to this form of action or concept. Cruel ways of inflicting suffe...

 

Lake Mary Plaats in de Verenigde Staten Vlag van Verenigde Staten Locatie van Lake Mary in Florida Locatie van Florida in de VS Situering County Seminole County Type plaats City Staat Florida Coördinaten 28° 45′ NB, 81° 20′ WL Algemeen Oppervlakte 22,3 km² - land 19,5 km² - water 2,8 km² Inwoners (2006) 14.718 Hoogte 189 m Overig FIPS-code 38425 Portaal    Verenigde Staten Lake Mary is een plaats (city) in de Amerikaanse staat Florida, en valt bestuurlijk gezien on...

Taiwanese politician In this Chinese name, the family name is Tseng. Tseng Ming-chungMLY曾銘宗Member of the Legislative YuanIncumbentAssumed office 1 February 2016ConstituencyParty-listSecretary-General of the KuomintangActingIn office15 January 2020 – 18 March 2020ChairmanLin Rong-te (Acting) Johnny ChiangPreceded byTseng Yung-chuanSucceeded byLee Chien-lungChairperson of the Financial Supervisory CommissionIn office1 August 2013 – 31 January 2016ViceWang Li-ling...

 

Sebuah Agni-II saat pawai Hari Republik pada 2004. Program Pengembangan Misi Berpadu Terintegrasi adalah sebuah program Kementerian Pertahanan India untuk riset dan pengembangan rangkaian komprehensif misil. Program tersebut diurus oleh Organisasi Riset dan Pengembangan Pertahanan dan Badan Pabrik Biasa[1] dalam kemitraan dengan organisasi politik pemerintah India lainnya.[2] Pranala luar Bharat Rakshak's page Diarsipkan 2008-02-12 di Wayback Machine. Bharat Rakshak's page of ...

 

أنتون روبنشتاين (بالروسية: Антон Рубинштейн)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 16 نوفمبر 1829[1][2]  الوفاة 8 نوفمبر 1894 (64 سنة) [3][4]  بيتيرهوف[5][6]،  وسانت بطرسبرغ[7]  مكان الدفن مقبرة تيخوين  مواطنة الإمبراطورية الروسية  إخوة وأخوات نيكولاي...

19th century American lawyer, minister, and politician For other individuals with similar names, see John Holmes (disambiguation). John Edwin Holmes1st Lieutenant Governor of WisconsinIn officeJune 7, 1848 – January 7, 1850GovernorNelson DeweyPreceded byPosition EstablishedSucceeded bySamuel W. BeallMember of the Wisconsin State Assemblyfrom the Jefferson 2nd districtIn officeJanuary 1, 1853 – January 1, 1854Preceded byA. H. Van NorstrandSucceeded byDavid L. Morrison...

 

Not to be confused with Accuracy International AWM. Sniper rifle Accuracy International Arctic Warfare Accuracy International Arctic Warfare(Adopted by Sweden as the Prickskyttegevär 90)TypeSniper riflePlace of originUnited KingdomService historyIn service1982 (L96A1), 1988 (AW), 1990–presentUsed bySee UsersWarsIraq WarAfghanistan WarInsurgency in the North Caucasus[1]Syrian Civil War[2]Production historyDesigned1982 (PM), 1983 (AW)ManufacturerAccuracy I...

 

Measuring instrument used to study the structure of a material using subatomic particles A diffractometer is a measuring instrument for analyzing the structure of a material from the scattering pattern produced when a beam of radiation or particles (such as X-rays or neutrons) interacts with it.[1] Principle The detector end of a simple x-ray diffractometer with an area detector. The direction of the X-rays is indicated with the red arrow. A typical diffractometer consists of a source...

Nightclub in New York City This article is about the music venues and the Knitting Factory Works record label. For the record label, see Knitting Factory Records. Knitting FactoryLocationNew York City, U.S.Genre(s)Experimental music, rock music, pop music, etc.Opened1987 by Michael Dorf and Louis SpitzerWebsiteknittingfactory.com The Knitting Factory is a nightclub in New York City that features eclectic music and entertainment. After opening in 1987, various other locations were opened in th...

 

Aspect of history of the Kurds This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: History of the Kurds – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)   Part of a series on: Kurdish history and Kurdish culture People List of Kurds Population Hom...

 

Tarsius bancanus Seekor Tarsius bancanus Status konservasi Rentan (IUCN 3.1) Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Mammalia Ordo: Primata Subordo: Haplorrhini Infraordo: TarsiiformesGregory, 1915 Famili: TarsiidaeGray, 1825 Genus: TarsiusStorr, 1780 Spesies tipe Tarsius bancanusHorsfield, 1821 Sinonim T. b. boreanus: natunensis Chasen, 1940 Tarsius bancanus atau mentilin merupakan salah satu spesies tarsius. Primata endemik Sumatra dan Kalimantan, Indonesia ini ber...

Indian crime drama television series AmmaFirst lookGenreCrimeThrillerDramaCreated byFarhn P ZammaWritten byAloke UpadhyayCreative directorFarhn P ZammaStarringSee belowCountry of originIndiaOriginal languageHindiNo. of seasons1No. of episodes52ProductionProduction locationsMumbai, IndiaCamera setupMulti-cameraProduction companySalt Media LLPOriginal releaseNetworkZee TVRelease25 June (2016-06-25) –18 December 2016 (2016-12-18) Amma is an Indian crime drama television series t...

 

محافظة إشبيلية هذه قائمة بلديات محافظة إشبيلية ذات الحكم الذاتي في إسبانيا. الاسم تعداد السكان 2001[1] تعداد السكان 2011[2] تعداد السكان 2018[3] اجوادولس 1,987 2,141 2,026 ألانيس 2,008 1,859 1,746 ألبيدا ديل ألجارافي 1,956 2,995 3,193 قلعة جابر 57,426 73,317 75,256 الكالا ديل ريو 9,042 11,484 11,927 القليعة 3,338...

 

Business school of the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) University of Illinois Gies College of BusinessFormer namesCollege of Commerce and Business AdministrationUniversity of Illinois College of BusinessTypePublic business schoolEstablished1915; 108 years ago (1915)Parent institutionUniversity of IllinoisEndowment$87.4 million (2007)[1]DeanJeffrey R. BrownUndergraduates3,144 studentsPostgraduates3,074 studentsLocationChampaign, Illinois, United States40°06...

Japanese manga series by Motoro Mase Ikigami redirects here. For the live action film based on this manga, see Ikigami (2008 film). Ikigami: The Ultimate LimitManga volume 1 coverイキガミ(Ikigami)GenreDystopia[1]Psychological thriller[1]Science fiction[2] MangaWritten byMotoro MasePublished byShogakukanEnglish publisherNA: Viz MediaMagazineWeekly Young Sunday (2005–2008)Weekly Big Comic Spirits (2008–2012)DemographicSeinenOriginal runJanuary 27, 2005 ...

 

Pambatti Siddhar temple in Marudhamalai Pambatti siddhar was one of the 18 siddhars, a lineage of monks or sages who lived at various time periods in India, mainly southern India. Some of his poems, roughly around 600 lines of text are available today. His poems are written in Tamil and he is famous for finishing his poems with the term 'Addu Pambe' which literally means 'dance, o snake'. Even his poems are addressed to snakes. Some of his poems also addresses his spiritual teacher or guru. P...

 

Courthouse in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England Gloucester Crown CourtGloucester Crown CourtLocationGloucester, GloucestershireCoordinates51°51′58″N 2°14′57″W / 51.86608°N 2.24906°W / 51.86608; -2.24906Built1816ArchitectRobert SmirkeArchitectural style(s)Neoclassical style Listed Building – Grade IIOfficial nameCrown CourtsDesignated23 January 1952Reference no.1271573 Location of Gloucester Crown Court in Gloucestershire Gloucester Crown Court is ...

アンドレア・ポッツォAndrea Pozzo 誕生日 (1642-11-30) 1642年11月30日出生地 トレント、チロル伯領死没年 1709年8月31日(1709-08-31)(66歳)死没地 ウィーン、ハプスブルク帝国テンプレートを表示 アンドレア・ポッツォ(Andrea Pozzo 、イタリア語: [anˈdrɛa ˈpottso] 、1642年11月30日 - 1709年8月31日)は、バロックのイタリア人の画家、建築家、装飾家、舞台美術家、美術理論家で...

 

Supercoppa svizzera 2016 Competizione Supercoppa svizzera Sport Pallavolo Edizione 18ª Organizzatore SV Luogo  Svizzera Partecipanti 2 Risultati Vincitore  Amriswil(2º titolo) Secondo  Näfels Statistiche Miglior giocatore Sébastien Steigmeier Reto Giger Incontri disputati 1 Cronologia della competizione 2015 2017 Manuale La Supercoppa svizzera 2016 si è svolta l'8 ottobre 2016: al torneo hanno partecipato due squadre di club svizzere e la vittoria finale è andat...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!