Ecuación diferencial de Clairaut

Soluciones generales de la ecuación de Clairaut en que
Soluciones generales de la ecuación de Clairaut en que

La ecuación diferencial de Clairaut, así llamada en honor al matemático[1]​ francés Alexis-Claude Clairaut,[2]​ es una ecuación diferencial ordinaria de la forma:

donde es función de , para resolver la ecuación, se diferencia respecto a ,[3]​ quedando:

lo que se reduce a

y así tenemos que

o

En el primer caso, C = dy/dx para cualquier constante arbitraria C. Sustituyéndolo en la ecuación de Clairaut, se tiene la familia de ecuaciones dadas por:

llamadas soluciones generales de la ecuación de Clairaut.

El otro caso,

define sólo una solución y(x), llamada solución singular, cuyo gráfico es envolvente de las gráficas de las soluciones generales. La solución singular se representa normalmente usando notación paramétrica, como: (x(p), y(p)), donde p representa dy/dx.

Ejemplo

Resolver:

Se hace el cambio de variable

por lo que

obteniendo la ecuación de Clairaut, cuya solución es:

de la cual se puede obtener y integrando dos veces, así:

siendo D y E otras dos constantes cualquiera.

Solución:

Notas y referencias

  1. "ecuaciones diferenciales aplicaciones" (sic) (Spiegel, Murray R. ISBN 0-13-234997-053-8, p. 60 .
  2. texte, Académie des sciences (France) Auteur du (1734). «Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences ... avec les mémoires de mathématique & de physique... tirez des registres de cette Académie». Gallica (en español). Consultado el 6 de septiembre de 2022. 
  3. Se considera que f(y') define una función diferenciable de y'; Ibídem

Enlaces externos

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