Crateús

Crateús
Municipio

Iglesia Matriz de Crateús


Bandera

Escudo

Otros nombres: Capital del Oeste
Crateús ubicada en Ceará
Crateús
Crateús
Localización de Crateús en Ceará

Ubicación de Crateús
Coordenadas 5°10′40″S 40°40′40″O / -5.1777777777778, -40.677777777778
Entidad Municipio
 • País Brasil
 • Estado Ceará
 • Mesorregión Sertones Cearenses
 • Microrregión Sertón de Cratéus
Eventos históricos 6 de julio
 • Fundación 6 de julio de 1832
Superficie  
 • Total 2.985,411 km²
Altitud  
 • Media 274 m s. n. m.
Clima semiárido
BSh
Población (2019[1]​)  
 • Total 75,074 hab.
 • Densidad 25,59 hab./km²
PIB (nominal)  
 • PIB per cápita R$ 5.279,20
IDH (2010[3]​) 0.644
Prefijo telefónico 88

Crateús (AFI: /cɾɐˈtħeus/) es un municipio brasileño y una de las ciudades más importantes y antiguas del estado de Ceará, localizada a orillas del río Potí.[4]

Se ha destacado tradicionalmente por la comercialización de produtos rurales, provenientes de la agricultura familiar, especialmente de maíz y rijo, producidos en el piedemonte de los ricos valles de la región, geográficamente cortada por el río Potí y por la Serra Grande.[5]​ Además es un productor de agrocombustibles.[6]

Historia

La región era habitadas por los indígenas Karatis,[7][8]​ antes de la llegada de los portugueses y bandeirantes en el siglo XVII.

En 1721 la posesión del valle de Crateús fue comprada por D. Ávila Pereira Passos, como hacienda Lagoa das Almas, 18 kilómetros al sudoeste de la villa Príncipe Imperial, (hoy ciudad de Crateús), en la margen izquierda del Riacho do Gado, que desagua en el río Potí.[9]​ La villa piauiense de Piranhas se destacó como puesto comercial, comunicando a Ceará con Piauí. La villa Príncipe Imperial formó parte de Piauí hasta 1880, cuando fue anexada a Ceará.[10][11]

Con la expansão del Ferrocarril de Sobral, en 1911 las tierras de Crateús fueron atravesadas por la línea férrea y en 1912, dos estaciones de tren fueron construidas en el municipio.[12]​ En 1916 fueron construidas otras.

Crateús creció como centro urbano y comercial en el cual diversos grupos étnicos están presentes, tanto etnias indígenas (Tabajara, Potyguara, Calabaza, Kariri, Tupinambá) como descendientes africanos de los quilombos.

Referencias

  1. «Estimativa populacional 2019 IBGE». Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 28 de agosto de 2019. Consultado el 24 de marzo de 2020. 
  2. IGBE. «Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios 2010». Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Consultado el 11 de diciembre de 2010. 
  3. «Ranking decrescente do IDH-M dos municípios do Brasil». Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano. Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). 2010. Consultado el 9 de septiembre de 2013. 
  4. Crispim, Maristela (14 de febrero de 2020). «A longa história natural do Cânion do Rio Poti, entre o Ceará e o Piauí». Eco Nordeste. Consultado el 19 de agosto de 2020. 
  5. «Crateús, CE - Agricultura: Veja produção agrícola e área plantada por cidade do Brasil». Deepask. Consultado el 21 de diciembre de 2019. 
  6. «Usina de biodiesel Brasil Ecodiesel em Crateús, CE, com capacidade de produzir 108 milhões de litro por ano desse biocombustível». 3 de febrero de 2007. Consultado el 21 de diciembre de 2019. 
  7. Sebok. Lou, Atlases published in the Netherlands in the rare atlas collection. Compiled and edited by Lou Seboek. National Map Collection (Canada), Ottawa. 1974
  8. Aragão, R. B. (1994). Índios do Ceará e Topônimos Indígenas. Fortaleza: Barraca do Escritor Cearense.
  9. «Biblioteca IBGE Ceará/Crateús». IBGE. Consultado el 11 de mayo de 2020. 
  10. «História de Luís Correia, Piauí». IBGE. Consultado el 19 de agosto de 2020. 
  11. «História de Crateús». IBGE. Consultado el 19 de agosto de 2020. 
  12. «Crateús». Estações Ferroviárias do Brasil. Consultado el 11 de febrero de 2010. 

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