Zwrotnica

Zwrotnica
CategoriesLiterary magazine
FounderTadeusz Peiper
Founded1922
First issueMay 1922
Final issue1927
CountryPoland
Based inKraków
LanguagePolish

Zwrotnica (Polish pronunciation: [zvrɔtˈɲi.t͡sa] ⓘ, Polish: The Switch) was an avant-garde magazine which was one of the significant publications in Poland. It appeared in Kraków in two periods: first between 1922 and 1923, and then between 1926 and 1927. Despite its short run, it is the first Polish avant-garde magazine that had an international audience.[1]

History and profile

Zwrotnica was established by Tadeusz Peiper in Kraków in 1922,[2] and its first issue appeared in May that year.[3] After being published for one year, it ceased publication.[2] Peiper was the editor-in-chief of Zwrotnica between its start in 1922 and its closure in October 1923.[3][4] The magazine was restarted in 1926 and was permanently closed down in 1927.[2]

Zwrotnica first adopted a futurist approach, but the magazine abandoned it in its second period between 1926 and 1927.[2][3] Later, the magazine became an avant-garde publication which was the major platform for a Polish group of avant-garde artists from Kraków called Awangarda Krakowska.[4] One of them was Julian Przyboś who published both poems and prose in the second phase of the publication from 1926 to 1927.[5] The other notable contributors of the magazine included Jan Brzękowski and Jalu Kurek.[5] In addition, the writings of the Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti were featured in the magazine.[6]

Zwrotnica was also an advocate of constructivism, and Henryk Stażewski, a Polish constructivist painter, collaborated with the magazine.[7] Kazimierz Podsadecki became the typographic editor of Zwrotnica in 1926.[7]

Tadeusz Peiper developed a literary program of Zwrotnica which was shared by other avant-garde groups in Europe.[8] It was based on the view that the nature of history was linear.[8] It also emphasized the necessity of technological and scientific developments as well as social utopia.[8] In addition, Zwrotnica managed to be part of the European network of avant‐garde publications which shared articles and other work.[9]

References

  1. ^ Martin Kohlrausch (2019). Brokers of Modernity: East Central Europe and the Rise of Modernist Architects, 1910-1950. Leuven: Leuven University Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-94-6270-172-4.
  2. ^ a b c d Michal Wenderski (2015). "Mutual exchange between Polish and Belgian magazines: a case study in cultural mobility within the interwar network of the avant-garde". TS. Tijdschrift voor Tijdschriftstudies. Jaargang 2015: 40.
  3. ^ a b c Przemysław Strożek (2011). ""Marinetti is foreign to us": Polish Responses to Italian Futurism, 1917–1923". International Yearbook of Futurism Studies. 1: 85, 91. doi:10.1515/9783110237771.85.
  4. ^ a b "Awangarda Krakowska". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  5. ^ a b Frank Kujawinski (1993). "Przyboś and the second avant-garde". The Polish Review. 38 (1): 25–39. JSTOR 25778689.
  6. ^ Günter Berghaus (2014). "Futurism and Modernist Magazines". In Günter Berghaus (ed.). International Yearbook of Futurism Studies. Vol. 4. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. p. 52. doi:10.1515/futur-2014-0010. ISBN 9783110334104.
  7. ^ a b Stanisław Czekalski (2005). "Kazimierz Podsadecki and Janusz Maria Brzeski: Photomontage between the Avant-Garde and Mass Culture". History of Photography. 29 (3): 256. doi:10.1080/03087298.2005.10442801. S2CID 191568859.
  8. ^ a b c Lidia Stefanowska (Summer–Winter 2002). "The Poetics of Liminality: Bohdan Ihor Antonych in the Context of Interwar Polish Literature". Journal of Ukrainian Studies. 27 (1–2): 152. ProQuest 209365337.
  9. ^ Miglena Sternadori (2020). "From Grit to Glitz. Magazine Markets and Ideologies in Post‐Communist Europe and Asia". In Miglena Sternadori; Tim Holmes (eds.). The Handbook of Magazine Studies Global Markets and Audiences. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 443. doi:10.1002/9781119168102.ch34. ISBN 9781119168102. S2CID 214123533.

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!